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What is the fastest speed on skates?
Skater Nuis breaks his own world speed record after reaching 103 kilometres an hour. Dutch skater Kjeld Nuis surpassed his own world speed record by reaching 103 kilometres per hour on an ice rink in Norway.
What skates do Olympic speed skaters use?
The clap skate (also called clapper skates, clapskates, slap skates, slapskates, from Dutch klapschaats) is a type of ice skate used in speed skating. Unlike in traditional skates where the blade is rigidly fixed to the boot, clap skates have the blade attached to the boot by a hinge at the front.
Did Vikings have ice skates?
As for skates, the earliest ones date back 4,000 years. By the time the Vikings took up these winter sports, skis and skates had already gone through several rounds of evolution. But Vikings were the ones who popularized these activities.
What were Viking ice skates made of?
The skates are typically fashioned out of cattle or horse metatarsal bones, whose surfaces have been roughly trimmed with a blade, to allow easy movement over snow and ice.
Is speed skating harder than running?
Much more difficult then running. Running is essentially walking except you have to put one foot in front of the other faaster, speed skating requires tactics, strength and an incredible amount of training to include strength training.
How fast do NHL players skate?
The Mechanics of Skating
NHL players can reach speeds in excess of 20 miles (32 km) per hour on the ice. Some speed skaters have been clocked at over 30 miles (48 km) per hour! What makes one player faster than another?
Why are speed skate blades so long?
The blades are attached at the front of the skate but they detach from the heel. This lets the blade remain in contact with the ice longer while the ankle is free to extend at the end of each stride. Ultimately, this produces a longer, more efficient stride which is crucial for long track skaters on straightaways.
Why do speed skates click?
Clap Skate
When the blade has fully extended, a spring mechanism mounted on the front of the boot snaps the blade back up to the boot, resulting in the clapping sound that gives the skate its name.
Why are speed skaters skates so long?
Long track blades are longer to help athletes glide faster in a straight line. Short track blades are shorter and easier to control since there are more dynamic turns. Short track blades range from 30-45 centimeters, and long track skaters use 40-55-centimeter blades, according to Olympics.com.
Did Vikings invent skis?
8. Vikings skied for fun. Scandinavians developed primitive skis at least 6,000 years ago, though ancient Russians may have invented them even earlier. By the Viking Age, Norsemen regarded skiing as an efficient way to get around and a popular form of recreation.
Did Vikings use sleds?
Viking Sledges
A known heavy type of sledge would have been pulled by horse or oxen. The horse or oxen’s hooves would have been fit with crampons for better grip on the slippery surfaces. This heavy Viking sledge would have been used to transport much heavier items.
What did people use bone skates for long ago?
Developed in Scandinavia, the earliest skaters pierced a hole through the bone and fitted them with leather straps. But they weren’t trying to nail the quadruple jump; the bones skates were an efficient means of transport along the many rivers and canals that run through the region.
Why do ice skates have heels?
For skaters, who aim at the ability to stand completely upright without having knees bent or shoulders leaning forward, heeled boots provide more balance. This is the reason, why heeled boots are better for dancing and grooving on skates. The equal distributed weight is necessary for agile footwork and balanced body.
What did the first ice skates look like?
The first ice skates were made from leg bones of horse, ox or deer, and were attached to feet with leather straps. These skates required a pole with a sharp metal spike that was used for pushing the skater forward, unlike modern bladed skates.
What is the speed of roller skates?
Roller speed skating is a fast-paced discipline, with some athletes reaching speeds of up to 50km per hour.
What is the average speed of roller skates?
Average Speeds
According to a study conducted by Rollerblade, people tend to inline skate at cruising speeds that vary from about 8 miles per hour to about 16 miles per hour. If you’re on the slow end of that spectrum, you should be able to skate 1 mile in about seven minutes and 30 seconds.
Can you ice skate faster than run?
Looking at other events on the track, in both speed skating and running, the rule of thumb seems to be that skating is, very roughly, twice as fast as running.
How sharp are speed skates?
In order to allow speed skaters to take long, gliding strides, speed skating blades have very little curve compared to hockey, figure or short track skates. Edges of the blades are sharpened to a 90-degree angle for maximum efficiency during the push.
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Skater Nuis breaks his own world speed record at 103 km
Skater Nuis breaks his own world speed record after reaching 103 kilometres an hour
Dutch skater Kjeld Nuis surpassed his own world speed record by reaching 103 kilometres per hour on an ice rink in Norway.
The 32-year-old achieved the feat on a straight three-kilometre natural ice rink on the chilled Savalen Lake in Tynset on Thursday (March 17).
“I was literally flying over the ice,” Nuis said.
“Every little bump felt like a threshold.
“Sometimes I even got really loose from the ice.
“Moreover, I skated more than two kilometres on each attempt, which I never do in competition.
“So today’s tactic was to skate as far as possible into the wind catcher, so that I had enough energy left to make the acceleration from 92 to over 100 kilometres per hour.
“It was very hard on my body.
“This is really the maximum that is possible on skates.”
The large shield was pulled by a equipped Dakar Rally truck driven by the young rally racer Seth Quintero ©Red Bull
Nuis skated within a large shield to keep him out of the wind during the record attempt, a newer version than what was used four years ago when he set the record in Sweden at 93 km/h.
Leading the wheel was the American Seth Quintero, 19, who recently won 12 out of 13 stages at the Dakar Rally in the T3 category.
“The biggest challenge for me was to accelerate in the right way,” he said.
“I’ve also never felt so much tension at such a low speed.
“On the other hand, while riding on the ice, I couldn’t imagine anyone achieving that kind of speed with their own legs.”
The world record-holder was coached by Dutch former speed skater, Erben Wennemars.
“A hundred kilometres per hour is so hard,” Wennemars said.
“When you see how fast you go on the ice, it really is bizarre.
“We couldn’t go any faster.”
Nuis has three Olympic speed skating golds to his name winning the 1,000m and 1,500m titles at Pyeongchang 2018 and the 1,500m gold medal during Beijing 2022.
Clap skate
Two clap skates
Hinge of a clap skate
Regular skate and clap skate compared
An early clap skate in 1936
The clap skate (also called clapper skates, clapskates, slap skates, slapskates, from Dutch ) is a type of ice skate used in speed skating. Unlike in traditional skates where the blade is rigidly fixed to the boot, clap skates have the blade attached to the boot by a hinge at the front. This allows the blade to remain in contact with the ice longer, as the ankle can now be extended toward the end of the stroke, as well as for more natural movement, thereby distributing the energy of the leg more effectively and efficiently.
Clap skates were developed at the Faculty of Human Movement Sciences of the Vrije Universiteit of Amsterdam, led by Gerrit Jan van Ingen Schenau, although the idea of a clap skate is much older; designs dating from around 1900 are known.
The clap skate was used first in the 1984/1985 skating season. It was, however, not until the late 1990s that the idea was taken seriously. In the 1996/1997 season, the Dutch women’s team started using the skates with great success. The rest of the skating world soon followed suit, causing a torrent of world records to be broken in the following seasons, including the 1998 Winter Olympics in Nagano, Japan.
History [ edit ]
The idea of a hinging skate was described and patented in 1894 by Karl Hannes, from Raitenhaslach, Burghausen.[1][2] It was re-invented by Gerrit Jan van Ingen Schenau, who started work on a hinged speed skate in 1979,[3] created his first prototype in 1980[2][3] and finished his PhD thesis on the subject in 1981[3] on the premise that a skater would benefit from the extended movement with the skate on the ice, allowing the calf muscles to longer partake in the skate movement.[3] The construction of the hinge was refined further in collaboration with Viking.[1] In 1985 Ron Ket was the first to ride the clap skates in an officially timed setting, a 500-meter sprint on the Jaap Eden baan, clocking in on a promising 40.65.[2] In February 1986 Henk Gemser who was coaching the Dutch national speedskating squad at that time expressed his intention to start training with the clap skate, though no subsequent trials were run on the new skate.[2] In the 1986–1987 season a small number of marathon skaters intended to use the clap skate competitively, but its use was prohibited by match officials due to increased risk of physical harm to the skaters in case of a fall.[2] The then current Dutch speed skating top professionals Ids Postma, Bart Veldkamp and Rintje Ritsma were unimpressed by the skate.[1]
For the 1994–1995 season, 11 skaters from the South Holland 14–18 age category started using the clap skate competitively. Those 11 showed an average improvement of 6.25% on their times, compared to 2.5% of the other skaters using regular speed skates. Ten of them placed for the national championship.[4]
In the 1996–1997 season, the use of the clap skate caught on the highest level, and in 1997 Tonny de Jong was the first European all round champion using the clap skate, leaving Gunda Niemann, the defending world champion, in second place. Niemann remarked that the skate was illegal, and should be outlawed.[4] In the following years the clap skate started to dominate the long track speedskating landscape. The design was banned from use in short track speed skating.
Research completed in 2001 showed that the speed gain from using the clap skate does not originate in using the calf muscle to stretch the ankle, as was assumed in the creation of the clap skate, but in the fact that the point of rotation is moved from the tip of the skate to the hinge, facilitating the transfer of power to the ice.[5]
Vikings Relaxed by Skating on Bones and Hunting on Skis
A legendary Viking execution was called the blood eagle. In these ritualized killings, unlucky victims were prostrated before their ribs were cut out with a sword. Then their lungs were spread out through the opening and fanned out across their backs, like wings. It was a little gruesome, to say the least.
But there was more to Vikings than just their mythic bloodlust. These coastal marauders, who terrorized Northern Europe from the 8th to 11th centuries, also had a chill side. When they weren’t in longhouses playing their “hnefatafl” board games and downing flagons of ale, Vikings took to the iced-over fjords and snow-covered slopes of Scandinavia, where they raced and shred the gnar.
Vikings didn’t invent skiing or ice skating. Skis were originally dreamed up in central Asia during the Stone Age, and later appropriated by the Sámi people of northern Scandinavia. As for skates, the earliest ones date back 4,000 years. By the time the Vikings took up these winter sports, skis and skates had already gone through several rounds of evolution.
Real Vikings—who probably looked a lot like this re-enactor—would use wooden sticks to propel themselves across the snow. Espin Finstad
But Vikings were the ones who popularized these activities. In fact, they gave skiing its name, from the Old Norse skríða á skíðum—“to stride on skis.” Skiing was often combined with hunting, which the Vikings so excelled at that the foundational Gulathing Law of 1274—written in Norway, where Vikings ruled through the 15th century—outlawed the hunting of elk while on skis, to protect the species from extinction. There were even two Norse gods involved in the sport: Ullr and Skaði, who were elevated in ancient Icelandic literature such as Snorri Sturluson’s Prose Edda and commonly depicted on skis.
While Viking skis were made of wood (mostly pine, though some were birch), Viking skates were usually crafted, like the skates of other cultures, from animal bones (though some were iron).
An etching of Ullr, by the medieval scribe Olaus Magnus, shows the Norse god traversing a sea on his “magic bone”—probably a skate—with a wooden pole over his shoulder. Public Domain
In August 2014, archaeologist Runar Hole visited a recently melted glacier in the mountains of Reinheiman National Park—about 60 miles east of Ålesund, Norway—to look for artifacts encased in ice. He found a single ski, complete with leather straps, dated to right around the start of the Viking Age.
While archaeologists usually find ancient preserved skis in glaciated mountain passes, ice skates—once commonplace throughout medieval Europe—have been found everywhere from Birka, Sweden, to the former Viking stronghold of York, England. Some have even been dug up in Dublin.
The technology hadn’t been refined by the the Middle Ages, so skates were sometimes lubricated with animal fat. Both sports required Vikings to propel themselves forward with wooden poles.
Viking bone skates found in Birka, Sweden. Courtesy Swedish History Museum
The medieval chronicler Olaus Magnus detailed the skating Scandinavians of his time—the Vikings’ descendants—as nimble on their feet. “The other kind of men are those who attach to the soles of their feet … the flat bones of deer or oxen, the shin bones, that is,” he writes. “These are slippery by nature because they have an inherent greasiness and achieve a very great speed, though only on smooth ice.”
Magnus also describes a sort of medieval speed skating, where Vikings who wore iron skates were always outmaneuvered by those racing in bone skates. The winners would take home copper pots, silver spoons, swords, and young horses, “but more often the last.”
Though the Vikings achieved notoriety for carving up their enemies, it seems that their wintry antics—carving up slopes and making figure-eights—have been largely forgotten.
Bone Ice Skates from Viking Age Dublin
These unusual looking bone objects represent a pair of medieval ice skates. They date from circa 11th/12th century AD and were discovered during the National Museum of Ireland’s excavations in Viking Age Dublin[i].
Similar artefacts are known from early Scandinavian sites such as Birka and Hedeby, while in Britain over 40 have been found in York [ii]. The skates are typically fashioned out of cattle or horse metatarsal bones, whose surfaces have been roughly trimmed with a blade, to allow easy movement over snow and ice. Recent research by Federico Formenti suggests that bone skates were first used during the Bronze Age, most likely in southern Finland[iii] and they continued to be popular until the 15th century, when they were gradually replaced by iron skates. According to Formenti, “the oily external surface of the animal bones producing a natural wax which limits resistance to motion’, making them ideal for skates [iv].
One of the earliest written references to bone skates dates from the 12th century when London chronicler, William Fitzstephen, described children attaching bones to their ankles and ‘flying like birds across the ice’[v]. Other sources suggest that skates were typically attached to the feet via leather tongs, with the wearer propelling themselves along with wooden poles, much like in skiing (see image above).
The presence of skates in an Irish context suggests that winters may have been colder during the Viking Age and the Irish Annals do contain many instances of heavy snowfall during this period, for example, in the winters of AD 815, 1007, 1047, 1093, 1115 and 1156[vi]. Indeed, in the year AD 1338 the extreme cold was such that River Liffey froze over, ‘and men dance played at ball, and ran races and roasted herrings on fires made of wood and turf and the river'[vii]. I wonder did some people also glide across the frozen expanse on bone skates?
[i] One of the bone ice skates comes from Fishamble Street, the other from High Street. [ii] Kyriacou, K. Mee, F. & Rogers, N. (2004) Treasures of York, p. 76, Landmark Publishing, Derbyshire [iii] Stefan Lovgren, National Geographic News, January 4 (2008) http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2008/01/080104-first-skates.html [iv] ibid [v] Annals of the Four Masters [vii] Descriptio Nobilissimi Civitatis Londiniae [vii] Annales Hibernie ab Anno Christi 1162 ad annum 1370
Hurstwic: Viking-age ice skates
Ice skates made from bone are common archaeological finds from the Viking age. One of the better known examples is the pair found at Birka which probably date from the 9th century. A sketch of one skate in the pair is shown to the left. The bones were tied to the bottom of the shoes using leather thongs. The holes for the thong are in the sides of the skates at the front and back. The front of the skate (to the left in the sketch) has been shaped into a wedge to help the skate to pass over irregularities on the surface of the ice. Typically, the metatarsal bones of horses or cattle were used. In people, the five metatarsal bones are the foot bones. In horses, which essentially walk on their toes, only the third metatarsal bone develops fully, resulting in a long, rugged bone.
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