당신은 주제를 찾고 있습니까 “지 않게 grammar – Korean Class/Grammar \u0026 writing(47)~지 않게 조심하세요/Be careful not to~/Juny Korean TV“? 다음 카테고리의 웹사이트 ro.taphoamini.com 에서 귀하의 모든 질문에 답변해 드립니다: https://ro.taphoamini.com/wiki. 바로 아래에서 답을 찾을 수 있습니다. 작성자 Juny Korean TV 이(가) 작성한 기사에는 조회수 105회 및 17666 Like 개의 좋아요가 있습니다.
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지 않게 grammar 주제에 대한 동영상 보기
여기에서 이 주제에 대한 비디오를 시청하십시오. 주의 깊게 살펴보고 읽고 있는 내용에 대한 피드백을 제공하세요!
d여기에서 Korean Class/Grammar \u0026 writing(47)~지 않게 조심하세요/Be careful not to~/Juny Korean TV – 지 않게 grammar 주제에 대한 세부정보를 참조하세요
#한국어 #koreangrammar #koreanpatterns
지 않게 grammar 주제에 대한 자세한 내용은 여기를 참조하세요.
V-게 grammar = so that, in order to ~focus on the goal to do …
Negative sentence: Verb + -지 않게 늦다 — 늦지 않도록 — 늦지 않게 (in order not to be late) 맞다 — 맞지 않도록 — 맞지 않게 (in order not …
Source: www.koreantopik.com
Date Published: 11/26/2021
View: 8522
[UKR-027] The -지 않다 family
철수는 요리사 못지 않게 요리를 잘 해. 철수 cooks as well as a chef. x) 그렇지 않아도 – ‘Even without (saying) X’. 그렇지 않아도 나도 너 …
Source: ultimatekorean.com
Date Published: 2/7/2021
View: 5765
V-게 grammar = so that, in order to ~focus on the goal to do …
Negative sentence: Verb + -지 않게 늦다 — 늦지 않도록 — 늦지 않게 (in order not to be late) 맞다 — 맞지 않도록 — 맞지 않게 (in order not to get wet)
Source: kr.bdsfun.com
Date Published: 8/26/2022
View: 2362
Korean grammar patterns for – Intentions and plans
You can use verb ~게 in an assertive sentences or negative sentences which becomes verb ~지 않게 in that case.
Source: www.topikguide.com
Date Published: 7/11/2021
View: 6299
지 않다
Adjective/Verb + 지 않다 : This pattern is equivalent to not ~. This verb is used to negate the verb or adjective attached to it.
Source: www.koreanwikiproject.com
Date Published: 2/17/2022
View: 3658
What are the nuances between -지 않게 하다 vs -지 못하게 하다?
What is different between ~지 않게 해요 and ~지 않아요? … Have someone tried learning Korean without studying the grammar, by only trying …
Source: www.reddit.com
Date Published: 6/14/2021
View: 8725
지 않게 Grammar | Korean Class/Grammar \U0026 Writing(47)
지 않게 grammar 주제에 대한 자세한 내용은 여기를 참조하세요. V-게 grammar = so that, in order to ~focus on the goal to do …
Source: you.covadoc.vn
Date Published: 8/5/2022
View: 492
Lesson 56: To make, to let: ~게 하다, ~게: so that
To a relative beginner of Korean grammar (at Lesson 56, you could call yourself … 애기가 깨지 않게 조용히 노크해 주세요 = Knock quietly so that the baby …
Source: www.howtostudykorean.com
Date Published: 9/10/2021
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N못지않게
This year will be as hot as, if not hotter than, last year. korean korean language Korean Study korean studyblr Korean langblr korean grammar.
Source: koreangrumblings.tumblr.com
Date Published: 6/3/2022
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주제와 관련된 이미지 지 않게 grammar
주제와 관련된 더 많은 사진을 참조하십시오 Korean Class/Grammar \u0026 writing(47)~지 않게 조심하세요/Be careful not to~/Juny Korean TV. 댓글에서 더 많은 관련 이미지를 보거나 필요한 경우 더 많은 관련 기사를 볼 수 있습니다.
주제에 대한 기사 평가 지 않게 grammar
- Author: Juny Korean TV
- Views: 조회수 105회
- Likes: 17666 Like
- Date Published: 2021. 7. 2.
- Video Url link: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oM2xV15wcz8
V-게 grammar = so that, in order to ~focus on the goal to do action
L2.71 V-게 grammar = so that, in order to…~focus on the goal to do action
Usage :
– Indicate that the goal is the reason for doing the action (~focus on the goal to do action) = so that, in order to.
– V-게 can be interchangeable with V-도록. However, there is a slight difference that V-게 focuses on the goal to do action whereas V-도록 focuses on the action to achieve the goal.
– V-게끔 can be used to emphasize the form (example 5)
– V-게 can be used at the end of sentence (example 6, 7)
Tense : Positive sentence: Verb + -게
가다 — 가도록 — 가게 (in order to go)
낫다 — 낫도록 — 낫게 (in order to get better)
잘 들 수 있다 — 잘 들 수 있도록 — 잘 들 수 있게 (in order to hear well)
이해하다 — 이해하도록 — 이해하게 (in order to understand)
Negative sentence: Verb + -지 않게
늦다 — 늦지 않도록 — 늦지 않게 (in order not to be late)
맞다 — 맞지 않도록 — 맞지 않게 (in order not to get wet)
잊어버리다 — 잊어버리지 않도록 — 잊어버리지 않게 (in order not to forget …)
감기에 걸리다 — 감기에 걸리지 않도록 — 감기에 걸리지 않게 (in order not to catch a cold)
Examples :
1. 오늘 외국에서 특별한 손님이 오는 거 아시죠?
– 네, 그분이 불편하지 않게 신경을 쓰겠습니다.
Do you know that we have a special guest coming from abroad today?
– Yes, I will take care of them so that they won’t be uncomfortable.
2. 선생님, 뒤에서는 잘 안 들려요.
– 그럼, 뒤사람들도 잘 들을 수 있게 마이크를 사용할게요.
Teacher, we can’t hear you well in the back.
– Then, I will use a microphone so that people in the back can hear well too.
3. 네가 춥지 않게 난방 온도를 올렸어요.
I raised the heater temperature so that you wouldn’t be cold.
4. 약속을 잊어버리지 않게 전화를 해야겠어요.
I have got to call my friend so that he doesn’t forget our appointment.
5. 중요한 내용을 잊어버리지 않게끔 수첩에 메모를 하세요.
Please take notes in order not to forget the important points.
6. 옷을 따뜻하게 입으세요. 감기에 걸리지 않게요.
Please dress warmly in order not to catch a cold.
7. 좀 조용히 해. 다른 사람들이 공부하게.
Don’t make noise in order to allow other people to study.
8. 사람들이 들어오게 문을 열어 놓으세요.
Please open the door in advance so that people can enter.
9. 무엇을 사야 되는지를 깜빡하지 않게 목록을 작성하세요.
Make a list so that you don’t forget what to buy.
10. 제가 잘 들을 수 있게 크게 말해 주세요.
[UKR-027] The -지 않다 family
Usage
i) -지 않다 – Long negation
학교에 가지 않았다.
I didn’t go to school.
ii) -지 않아도 되다 – ‘Don’t have to X’
설명하지 않아도 돼.
You don’t have to explain.
iii) -지 않으면 안 되다 – ‘Must X’
숙제를 하지 않으면 안 돼요.
You must do your homework.
iv) -지 않을 수가 없다 – ‘Have no choice but to X’
궁금하지 않을 수가 없다
can’t help but wonder
v) -지 않고 있다 – In negative state X
사용되지 않고 있다
not being used
vi) -지 않고는 – ‘Unless X’
매일 연습을 하지 않고는 늘 수 없어요.
vii) -지 않고서(는) – ‘Unless X’
계란을 깨지 않고서는 오믈렛을 만들 수가 없어요.
You cannot make an omelette without breaking eggs.
viii) 여간(만) -지 않다 – ‘Not just any ordinary X’
그녀가 여간 예쁘지 않다.
She’s really beautiful.
ix) 못지 않게 – ‘As good as X’
철수는 요리사 못지 않게 요리를 잘 해.
철수 cooks as well as a chef.
x) 그렇지 않아도 – ‘Even without (saying) X’
그렇지 않아도 나도 너한테 물어보려고 했어.
I was just about to ask you the same thing.
xi) -M다지 않냐? – ‘Isn’t it said that X?’
한가위 달을 보면서 진심으로 소원을 빌면 이루어진다지 않냐?
Don’t they say a sincere wish upon the 한가위 moon will come true?
Conjugation
Type Example Conjugation AV (vowel) 하다 하지 않다 AV (cons.) 듣다 듣지 않다 DV (vowel) 빠르다 빠르지 않다 DV (cons.) 어둡다 어둡지 않다
Where:
AV = action verb / processive verb.
DV = descriptive verb / ‘adjective’.
Contents
Introduction
The form -지 않다 is attached to verbs and adjectives to make them negative actions or states. It is used in both declarative and interrogative sentences.
-지 않다 is an abbreviation of -지 아니하다 and negates the verb/adjective marked by -지. This -지 is historically a nominaliser, and the negative counterpart of -기.
-지 않다 is used in several grammatical forms, most notably -잖아(요) which progressed from negative questions.
i) -지 않다 – Long negation
The long negation pattern -지 않다 is used to create negative statements and questions. Here -지 attaches to the verb stem and 않다 follows after a space.
아직 결혼하지 않았다
not yet married
학교에 가지 않았다.
I didn’t go to school.
한글 맞춤법은 쉽지 않은가?
Isn’t 한글 spelling easy?
여자들은 달콤한 음식을 좋아하지 않냐?
Don’t girls like sweet things?
왜 이제까지 아무도 나에게 말해주지 않았을까요?
Why hasn’t anybody told me this before?
딱 봐도 성형한 티 많이 나지 않아?
Isn’t it obvious she got surgery?
This form negates both action and descriptive verbs. The only verb it can not negate is the positive copula (이다) which has its own negative form (아니다). -지 않다 is generally interchangeable with ‘안’ but with some differences. 안 is considered more colloquial whereas -지 않다 is more bookish. 안 can sound like an abrupt negation, while -지 않다 can be perceived as more formal. The choice between the two negation forms often comes down the speaker preference or rhythm and cadence. Finally, only -지 않다 tends to be used with -답다, -스럽다, -롭다 descriptive forms.
아름답지 않다
not beautiful
자연스럽지 않다
not natural
여유롭지 않다
not enough
-지도 않다
Particle 도 (meaning ‘even’) can attach to -지 to express ‘not even X’.
그녀는 이쁘지도 않다.
She’s not even pretty.
이제 내 말은 듣지도 않아.
He doesn’t even listen to what I say now.
너는 농구를 잘하지도 않으면서 왜 경기에 출전했니?
Why did you even enter the basketball competition if you can’t play well?
-지는 않다
Particle 는 can attach to -지 to give contrast or emphasis.
그녀는 이쁘지는 않다.
She’s not pretty (but has other qualities).
말대꾸를 하지는 않는데 말이야.
He doesn’t talk back at least (but he doesn’t listen)
내 동생이 머리가 좋긴 한데 공부를 잘하지는 않아.
Even though my brother is smart he doesn’t study well (like he should).
운동을 열심히 하지만 재능이 있지는 않다.
He plays hard but doesn’t have the talent.
-지가 않다
Particle 가 (with its emphatic effect) can attach to -지 to express ‘so NOT X’.
그녀는 이쁘지가 않다.
She’s so not pretty.
난 아직도 그 사실이 믿기지가 않는다.
I still don’t believe that.
이 게임은 재밌지가 않다.
This game is really no fun.
-지를 않다
Particle 를 (with its emphatic effect) can attach to -지 to express ‘disappointment in X’.
그녀는 이쁘지를 않다.
She’s not pretty (and I’m disappointed by that).
말을 듣질 않아.
He doesn’t listen.
-지만 않다
Particle 만 (meaning ‘only’) can attach to -지 to express ‘not only X’.
그녀는 이쁘지만 않다.
She’s not just pretty (there’s even more).
Furthermore, particle 은/는 (with its emphatic effect) can be added to -만 for additional emphasis.
그녀는 이쁘지만은 않다.
She’s not just pretty (there’s EVEN MORE).
Questions with -지 않아
• Details in this sub-section are largely taken from (From Kim 2016)
Questions with -지 않아 can be interpreted in three ways, basically.
철수가 학교에 가지 않아?
a) 철수 doesn’t go to school?
b) Doesn’t 철수 go to school?
c) 철수 goes to school, doesn’t he?
In a), the speaker is simply asking a negative question.
In b), the speaker is asking a positive question while requesting confirmation.
In c), the speaker is asking a positive question while requesting agreement.
By far, the most common use of -지 않아 questions is c), and the least common is a). This is important because most of the time, speakers aren’t asking true questions with -지 않아. Instead, they believe their assumption to be true and are seeking agreement from the other person.
While this break down the sentence may seem over-exacting, the differences between a), b) and c) are illustrative of both -지(요) and -잖아. These grammar points have been suggested to relate to speaker certainty and understanding of knowledge between speakers, respectively. This is seen in the continuum from a) to c), where the speaker is least certain with a) and most certain with c).
ii) -지 않아도 되다 – ‘Don’t have to X’
The ending -지 않아도 되다 combines -지 않다 with the permissive construction -어도 되다 to mean ‘don’t have to (do something)’.
설명하지 않아도 돼.
You don’t have to explain.
-어도 되다 Example:
사진을 찍어도 돼요?
Can I take a picture?
This pattern is not so much a negative of -어도 되다 (may do), but rather the opposite of -어야 되다 (have to). The basic meaning is ‘do not have to’. Here the speaker expresses a condition as being not necessary. A more literal meaning of this ending is ‘even if you don’t do X, that is okay’.
줄 서지 않아도 됩니다.
You don’t have to stand in line.
공부를 그렇게 열심히 하지 않아도 된다.
You don’t need to study so hard.
다 먹지 않아도 돼.
It’s okay not to eat it all.
iii) 지 않으면 안 되다 – ‘Must X’
The ending -지 않으면 안 되다 combines -지 않다 with the conditional construction -(으)면 안 되다 to mean ‘must (do something)’.
숙제를 하지 않으면 안 돼요.
You must do your homework.
-(으)면 안 되다 Example:
일찍 가면 안 돼요.
You cannot go early.
While –(으)면 안 되다 means ‘cannot (do something)’, -지 않으면 안 되다 is the opposite and means ‘must (do something)’. Here the speaker expresses a condition as being necessary. A more literal meaning of this ending is ‘if you don’t do X, that is not okay’.
운전 시에는 속도를 지키지 않으면 안 된다.
You must stick to the speed limit on the driving test.
선생님 말씀을 잘 듣지 않으면 안 된다.
You have to listen carefully to the teacher.
내일 시험이니 공부를 열심히 하지 않으면 안 된다.
The test is tomorrow so you need to study hard.
횡단보도를 건널 때 좌우를 보지 않으면 안 된다.
You have to look left and right when at the pedestrian crossing.
iv) -지 않을 수가 없다 – ‘Have no choice but to X’
The ending -지 않을 수(가) 없다 combines -지 않다 with the inability construction -ㄹ 수(가) 없다 to mean ‘have no choice but to (do something)’.
궁금하지 않을 수가 없다
can’t help but wonder
-ㄹ 수(가) 없다 Example:
믿을 수가 없어.
I can’t believe it.
While –ㄹ 수(가) 없다 means ‘unable to (do something)’, -지 않을 수(가) 없다 means ‘I can’t help it but to (do something). Here the speaker expresses what they are not unable to do. With this double negative comes the meaning of ‘I have no choice/option other than to do X’. Particle 가 is optionally used for emphatic effect, or for rhythmic purposes (where it rolls off the tongue).
놀라지 않을 수 없었다
couldn’t help but be surprised
부탁을 들어 주지 않을 수가 없어요.
I can’t help doing the favour.
난 그를 보면 웃지 않을 수 없어.
I can’t help but laugh when I see him.
옷이 너무 예뻐서 사지 않을 수가 없다.
The clothes were so beautiful that I had to buy them.
철수는 어리석다고 하지 않을 수 없어요.
철수 is very foolish.
There is no way of not saying 철수 is foolish.
v) -지 않고 있다 – In negative state X
-지 않고 있다 can simply be used to describe something as being in a constant negative state.
사용되지 않고 있다
not being used
아빠가 아직 안와서 밥을 먹지 않고 있다.
We’re not eating because Dad isn’t here yet.
Additionally, -지 않고 있다 can (at times) be used to present an implication upon something in a negative state.
Compare:
아기가 자고 있지 않는다.
The baby isn’t sleeping.
아기가 자지 않고 있다.
The baby isn’t sleeping (though it needs rest it isn’t falling asleep).
-지 않고 있다 is the less common variant because negation tends to happen at the very end. This can be used to imply the baby should be sleeping, but isn’t. The implication in these sentences can be either positive or negative.
철수가 공부를 하지 않고 있어요.
철수 isn’t studying ( he must feel confident about the test tomorrow |or| even though he has a test tomorrow).
화를 내지 않고 있다.
I’m not angry ( though a lesser person would be |or| but am boiling inside ).
영희는 아직 결혼하지 않고 있어.
영희 still isn’t married ( she seems to be doing well for herself |or| I’m worried about my daughter ).
vi) -지 않고는 – ‘Unless X’
The connective ending -지 않고는 combines -지 않다 with the emphatic sequential construction -고는 to mean ‘unless X happens’.
매일 연습을 하지 않고는 늘 수 없어요.
You cannot improve unless you practice every day.
-고는 Example:
일어서고는 노래를 부르기 시작했다.
Stood up and began to sign.
This pattern gets its ‘unless’ meaning from -지 않다 (meaning ‘without’) and the sequencing with -고 + emphatic 는. It basically means that following event/state cannot occur without the prior event/state. Here the speaker expresses what cannot happen next unless X occurs.
아침을 먹지 않고는 일 할 수가 없다.
You cannot work without having breakfast.
비행기를 타지 않고는 하와이에 갈 수가 없다.
You cannot go abroad without taking an aeroplane.
직접 해보지 않고는 모른다.
Can’t tell without witnessing it first-hand.
vii) -지 않고서(는) – ‘Unless X’
This connective ending is very similar in meaning to -지 않고는; but with a stronger sense of ‘X is absolutely necessary for Y to occur’. Here 않고서(는) combines -지 않다 with the emphatic sequential construction -고서(는) to mean ‘unless X happens’.
계란을 깨지 않고서는 오믈렛을 만들 수가 없어요.
You cannot make an omelette without breaking eggs.
-고서(는) Example:
아침을 급하게 먹고서는 서둘러 출근했다.
Quickly ate breakfast and went to work.
This pattern gets its ‘unless’ meaning from -지 않 (meaning ‘without’) and the sequencing with -고서. Note that the addition of 서 to -고 ’tightens’ the relationship between entities. Optional use of emphatic 는 heightens the effect of this. Here the speaker expresses what absolutely must happen for Y to occur.
교복도 입지 않고서 학교에 왔다
You cannot go to school without your uniform.
경험해보지 않고서는 이 일이 얼마나 힘든지 모른다.
You cannot tell how difficult this task is without the experience.
노력하지 않고서 성공하기 어렵다.
You cannot attain success without the effort.
viii) 여간(만) -지 않다 – ‘Not just any ordinary X’
The ending -여간(만) -지 않다 combines 여간 (如干) meaning ‘ordinarily’ with -지 않다 to mean ‘not just any ordinary X’.
그녀가 여간 예쁘지 않다.
(She’s not JUST beautiful) She’s REALLY beautiful.
여간 Example:
여간 아닌 미인
a rare beauty
This pattern is used to describe anything out of the ordinary. Particle 만 can be added to 여간 to heighten something as being extremely out of the ordinary.
이불 빨래는 여간 힘들지 않다.
Washing the bedding is really difficult.
• While this pattern is for verb/adjectives, nouns can be expressed with 여간(만) ㅁㅁ이/가 아니다.
ix) 못지 않게 – ‘As good as X’
The comparative ending -못지 않게 combines -못하다 meaning ‘poor at’, ‘not as good as’ and -지 않다 to create a double negative to mean ‘as good as X’. -게 is used here to create an adverbial-like ending.
철수는 요리사 못지 않게 요리를 잘 해.
철수 cooks as well as a chef.
Here the subject is being described as being as good as, or better than, whatever it is compared with.
• Note that 못지않다 is a verb in its own right and perhaps because of this, 못지 않게 is most often spelt without a space.
전문가 못지 않게 실력이 있다.
She’s as good as an expert.
철수 못지않게 영희도 영어를 잘한다.
영희 is just as good at English as 철수.
탐은 한국인 못지 않게 한국어를 잘 사용한다.
Tom can use Korean as good as a Korean.
그녀는 화가 못지 않게 그림을 잘 그린다.
She can paint as good as an artist.
너희 반도 우리 반 못지 않게 잘했잖아.
Your class did just as well as ours.
x) 그렇지 않아도 – ‘Even without (saying) X’
This phrase is used by speakers to express their intention — which they had in mind even before they were given a coincidental feed.
그렇지 않아도 나도 너한테 물어보려고 했어.
I was just about to ask you the same thing.
Here 그렇지 refers to the prior context X (an event or something said). -지 않다 combines with -어도 (even though) to mean ‘even without’.
-어도 Example:
비가 와도 갈 거야.
I’ll go even if it’s raining.
Together this creates a phrase meaning ‘Even without X occurring’, or ‘Even without saying X’. This used to describe what one originally intended to do, even before a prior context occurred.
그렇지 않아도 이제 막 전화하려고 했는데.
I was just about to call you now.
그렇지 않아도 나도 그런 생각을 했어.
That’s just what I was thinking.
xi) -M다지 않냐? – ‘Isn’t it said that X?’
This pattern creates a negative question with the meaning of ‘Isn’t it so?’. The quotative pattern -M다고 하다 is usually abbreviated here to -M다 하다.
한가위 달을 보면서 진심으로 소원을 빌면 이루어진다지 않냐?
Don’t they say a sincere wish upon the 한가위 moon will come true?
Here it is like saying: “Isn’t it well known that X (and therefore what reason is there to disagree with me)?”. The quotative form is used here to obviate further discussion.
팔은 안으로 굽는다지 않냐?
Don’t they say arms bend inwards?
People favour those who are close to them (arms bend inwards) rather than extending beyond their circles (extend outwards).
철수가 이번에 중국에 갔다왔다지 않냐?
Didn’t you say 철수 went to China this time?
Additional details
General
• 않다 is an abbreviation of 아니하다 which existed until the late 19th century.
Associated grammar
[Please ignore: placeholder for future update]See also
[Please ignore: placeholder for future update]Bibliography
Affiliate links help support uK.
— Chang, S.J. (1996). Korean. Amsterdam/Philadelphia: John Benjamins Publishing Company.
— Cho, H., Kim, U., Kwon, J., Jeong, H., Lee, S., Son, J., & Kim, K. (2008). Master Korean 4-2 Intermediate. Paju-si: Darakwon
— Choo, M., & Kwak, H. (2008). Using Korean: A Guide to Contemporary Usage. New York: Cambridge University Press.
— Ihm, H.B., Hong, K.P., & Chang, S.I. (2001). Korean Grammar for International Learners. Seoul: Yonsei University Press.
— Lee, K. (1993). A Korean Grammar on Semantic-Pragmatic Principles. Seoul: Hanʼguk Munhwasa.
— Kim, A. Revisiting Korean long form negative question: A usage-based perspective. (2016). Linguistic Research, 33(3), 371–394.
— Sells, P. (2015). Negation and Negative Polarity Items. In L. Brown & J. Yeon (Eds.), The Handbook of Korean Linguistics. Oxford: Wiley-Blackwell.
— Yeon, J., & Brown, L. (2008). Korean: A Comprehensive Grammar. New York: Routledge.
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Korean grammar patterns for – Intentions and plans
Today we’ll see grammar patterns which are used to form sentences to speak about the intentions or plans.
V – 게 Grammar
This grammar pattern is used to state the reasons for doing certain actions in order to achieve certain goals.
It indicates the basis, degree, method of etc.
This can be equivalent to saying in order to, in such a way or so that (something).
You can use verb ~게 in an assertive sentences or negative sentences which becomes verb ~지 않게 in that case.
예문 :
1) 제시간에 도착하게 일찍 나갑시다.
Let’s go out early so that we can get there on time.
2) 먹기 편하게 냉면을 잘라 주세요.
Cut the Naengmyeon so that it’s easy to eat.
의미 : Used when performing an action for the sake of something or to accomplish something. Specifically, it indicates the speaker will do what is stated in the second clause for the sake of what is stated in the first clause.
V- 기 위해 (서) cannot be used directly to adjectives. However if-아 / 어지다 has added to an adjective, making it a verb, then it can be used with V- 기 위해 (서)
예문 :
1. 노트북 컴퓨터를 사기 위해서 돈을 모았어요
I saved up money to buy a laptop computer.
2. 건강을 위해서 매일 운동하고 있어요
I’m exercising every day for my health.
An expression used to indicate that a result not intended during the preceding act appears in the following statement. This expression can have the meaning of ” instead ended up (doing something)” or “but instead”.
It is used with verbs only.
예문 :
1) 설탕을 친다는 것이 소금을 쳤어요.
I thought I was putting sugar but instead I added salt.
2) 한 번 초대한다는 것이 바빠서 못 했지요.
I was going to invite them but instead I got busy.
A connective ending used when the preceding statement is the purpose, result, method, amount, etc., of something mentioned in the following statement.
It can be equivalent to saying ~so that, in order that, that, so as to, in order to…. in English.
It should be used with Verbs.
예문 :
1) 그 여자에게 말하지 않도록 주의하라
Take care not to tell her.
2) 급행 열차에 댈 수 있도록 빨리 일어났다
I got up early so as to be on time for the express.
An expression used when the speaker promises or notifies the listener that he/she will do something.
This is yet another grammar pattern which is easy to use.
예문 :
1) I’ll take care of cleaning my room.
제 방 청소는 제가 알아서 할게요.
2) In the office, I will sit in a designated seat.
사무실에서는 정해진 자리에 앉을게요.
~기로 하다 has a similar meaning as ~(으)러 and ~(으)려고 하다 which is used with action verbs to express a plan or intention of any individual. It is added in the end of a sentence or clause to indicate that one “decides to do” an action.
When expressing it in past tense ~기로 하다 becomes ~기로 했다.
예문 :
1) 인도가기로 했는데 코로나 때문에 못 가거든요.
I intended to go to India but can’t go because of Corona.
2) 주말에 부모님과 같이 밥 먹기로 약속했어요.
I promised to have dinner with my parents on the weekend.
~(으)러 has a similar meaning but the thing to remember is it is used only with some specific motion related action verbs like 가다, 오다 or 나가다. It can be used with suggestive, imperative, interrogative, and declarative sentences.
예문 :
1) 오늘 도서관에 가려고 합니다.
Today I am planning to go to the library.
2) 아침에 몇 시에 부산으로 출발하려고 합니까?
At what time in the morning do you intend to set off for Busan ?
It is used when a person has considered doing an action, but another action happens which overlaps with the original planned action.
It can be understood as “was about to” , “on the verge of” or “intending to.”
예문 :
1) I was just about to have lunch, care to join me?
막 점심을 먹으려던 참인데 같이 갈래요?
2) I was just about to leave.
막 나가려던 참이었다
An expression used to indicate the speaker’s intention to do the act mentioned in the preceding statement, as a condition for the following statement.
An expression used to indicate the speaker’s strong guess as a condition for the following statement.
예문 :
1) Jisoo must have arrived home by now, so call her.
지수는 지금쯤 집에 도착했을 테니까 전화해 보세요.
2) I’ll put the kids to sleep, so you get some rest.
아이들은 내가 재울 테니까 당신은 좀 쉬어.
It is used to indicate what either the listener or a third party would or must do.
It is an expression used to indicate the speaker’s determination or will, used to indicate that the listener or another person is supposed to do a certain thing or be in a certain state.
예문 :
1) 시간이 더 걸리더라도 기다려야지요.
We have to wait even if it takes more time.
2) 사람은 모름지기 정직해야지요.
People should be honest without knowing.
An expression used to express that the incident mentioned in the preceding statement almost occurred but ultimately did not occur. It can be used in the expressions used to exaggerate something that happened in the past.
예문 :
1) 눈길에서 속력을 줄이지 않아서 사고가 날 뻔했다.
I almost had an accident because I didn’t reduce the speed in my eyes.
2) 지수는 부모님의 사고 소식을 듣고 정신을 잃을 뻔했다.
Jisoo almost lost her mind when she heard the news of her parents’ accident.
” Verb + (으)러 ” is used to express the motive, purpose or intention of the action.
It has the meaning of ” in order to do something ” and 가다, 오다 or 다니다 is always followed by the verb in the sentence.
예문 :
1) 우리는 쇼핑하러 명동에 갈 거예요.
We are going to Myeongdong to shop.
2) 밥 먹으러 가는 거 어때 ?
How about going for a meal ?
A connective ending used when the speaker has a certain purpose, intention, hope, etc.
It can mean “wanting to, wishing to, should/would like to, going to, willing to, intending to, so as to, with the intention of, so that ~ may, for the purpose of” etc in English.
예문 :
1) 그게 내가 말하고자 했던 거다
That is what I was going to say. or This is what I was wanting to say.
2) 충분한 수면을 취하고자 그는 일찍 잔다
He goes to bed early so as to get plenty of sleep.
Korean Wiki Project
From Korean Wiki Project
Description
Adjective/Verb + 지 않다 : This pattern is equivalent to not ~. This verb is used to negate the verb or adjective attached to it.
Notes
Conjugation Rule
Conjugation Rule Pattern Case Example Rule 1: A/V + 지 않다 If there is no 받침 or if the adjective/verb stem has ㄹ as a 받침 예쁘다 → 예쁘지 않다 Rule 2: A/V + 지 않다 If there is a 받침 at the end of the adjective/verb stem 덥다 → 덥지 않다
Conjugation Examples
예쁘다 → 예쁘지 않다
덥다 → 덥지 않다
춥다 → 춥지 않다
깊다 → 깊지 않다
시끄럽다 → 시끄럽지 않다
멀다 → 멀지 않다
Sentence Examples
Korean English Notes 우리 집은 넓지 않습니다. My house is not large. Formal declarative 저는 키가 크지 않습니다. I’m not tall. Formal declarative 이 가방은 비싸지 않아요. This bag is not expensive. Polite informal form 김치는 맵지 않아. Kimchi is not spicy. Low form 이 가방은 무겁지 않아요. This luggage is not heavy. Polite informal form 어제는 날씨가 맑지 않았어요. It was not sunny yesterday. Polite informal form 내일은 비가 오지 않을 거예요. It will not rain tomorrow. Polite informal form 한국어는 어렵지 않아. Korean is not difficult. Low form 내 동생은 오지 않았어요. My younger sister didn’t come. Polite informal form 난 피곤하지 않아. I am not tired. Low form
Pronunciation
Special pronunciation rule?
지 않게 Grammar | Korean Class/Grammar \U0026 Writing(47)~지 않게 조심하세요/Be Careful Not To~/Juny Korean Tv 인기 답변 업데이트
당신은 주제를 찾고 있습니까 “지 않게 grammar – Korean Class/Grammar \u0026 writing(47)~지 않게 조심하세요/Be careful not to~/Juny Korean TV“? 다음 카테고리의 웹사이트 you.covadoc.vn 에서 귀하의 모든 질문에 답변해 드립니다: https://you.covadoc.vn/blog. 바로 아래에서 답을 찾을 수 있습니다. 작성자 Juny Korean TV 이(가) 작성한 기사에는 조회수 103회 및 983348 Like 개의 좋아요가 있습니다.
지 않게 grammar 주제에 대한 동영상 보기
여기에서 이 주제에 대한 비디오를 시청하십시오. 주의 깊게 살펴보고 읽고 있는 내용에 대한 피드백을 제공하세요!
d여기에서 Korean Class/Grammar \u0026 writing(47)~지 않게 조심하세요/Be careful not to~/Juny Korean TV – 지 않게 grammar 주제에 대한 세부정보를 참조하세요
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지 않게 grammar 주제에 대한 자세한 내용은 여기를 참조하세요.
V-게 grammar = so that, in order to ~focus on the goal to do …
Negative sentence: Verb + -지 않게 늦다 — 늦지 않도록 — 늦지 않게 (in order not to be late) 맞다 — 맞지 않도록 — 맞지 않게 (in order not …
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Source: www.koreantopik.com
Date Published: 11/16/2021
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[UKR-027] The -지 않다 family | ultimateKOREAN철수는 요리사 못지 않게 요리를 잘 해. 철수 cooks as well as a chef. x) 그렇지 않아도 – ‘Even without (saying) X’. 그렇지 않아도 나도 너 …
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Korean grammar patterns for – Intentions and plans
You can use verb ~게 in an assertive sentences or negative sentences which becomes verb ~지 않게 in that case.
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Source: www.topikguide.com
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V-게 grammar = so that, in order to ~focus on the … – Korean Fun
Negative sentence: Verb + -지 않게 늦다 — 늦지 않도록 — 늦지 않게 (in order not to be late) 맞다 — 맞지 않도록 — 맞지 않게 (in order not to get wet)
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지 않다
Adjective/Verb + 지 않다 : This pattern is equivalent to not ~. This verb is used to negate the verb or adjective attached to it.
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What are the nuances between -지 않게 하다 vs -지 못하게 하다?
Or 아뻐지께서 재가 손톱을 칠하지 않게 해요. … What is different between ~지 않게 해요 and ~지 않아요? … r/grammar
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Lesson 56: To make, to let: ~게 하다, ~게: so that
To a relative beginner of Korean grammar (at Lesson 56, you could call yourself … 애기가 깨지 않게 조용히 노크해 주세요 = Knock quietly so that the baby …
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N못지않게
This year will be as hot as, if not hotter than, last year. korean korean language Korean Study korean studyblr Korean langblr korean grammar.
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L2G71 A/V-게 grammar = so that, in order to…~focus on the goal
… to emphasize the form (example 5) – A/V-게 can be used at the end of sentence (example 6, 7) Tense: Adjective /Verb – 긍정: A/V-게 – 부정: A/V-지 않게 …
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주제와 관련된 이미지 지 않게 grammar
주제와 관련된 더 많은 사진을 참조하십시오 Korean Class/Grammar \u0026 writing(47)~지 않게 조심하세요/Be careful not to~/Juny Korean TV. 댓글에서 더 많은 관련 이미지를 보거나 필요한 경우 더 많은 관련 기사를 볼 수 있습니다.
Korean Class/Grammar \u0026 writing(47)~지 않게 조심하세요/Be careful not to~/Juny Korean TV
주제에 대한 기사 평가 지 않게 grammar
Author: Juny Korean TV
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Date Published: 2021. 7. 2.
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V-게 grammar = so that, in order to ~focus on the goal to do action
L2.71 V-게 grammar = so that, in order to…~focus on the goal to do action Usage : – Indicate that the goal is the reason for doing the action (~focus on the goal to do action) = so that, in order to. – V-게 can be interchangeable with V-도록. However, there is a slight difference that V-게 focuses on the goal to do action whereas V-도록 focuses on the action to achieve the goal. – V-게끔 can be used to emphasize the form (example 5) – V-게 can be used at the end of sentence (example 6, 7) Tense : Positive sentence: Verb + -게 가다 — 가도록 — 가게 (in order to go) 낫다 — 낫도록 — 낫게 (in order to get better) 잘 들 수 있다 — 잘 들 수 있도록 — 잘 들 수 있게 (in order to hear well) 이해하다 — 이해하도록 — 이해하게 (in order to understand) Negative sentence: Verb + -지 않게 늦다 — 늦지 않도록 — 늦지 않게 (in order not to be late) 맞다 — 맞지 않도록 — 맞지 않게 (in order not to get wet) 잊어버리다 — 잊어버리지 않도록 — 잊어버리지 않게 (in order not to forget …) 감기에 걸리다 — 감기에 걸리지 않도록 — 감기에 걸리지 않게 (in order not to catch a cold) Examples : 1. 오늘 외국에서 특별한 손님이 오는 거 아시죠? – 네, 그분이 불편하지 않게 신경을 쓰겠습니다. Do you know that we have a special guest coming from abroad today? – Yes, I will take care of them so that they won’t be uncomfortable. 2. 선생님, 뒤에서는 잘 안 들려요. – 그럼, 뒤사람들도 잘 들을 수 있게 마이크를 사용할게요. Teacher, we can’t hear you well in the back. – Then, I will use a microphone so that people in the back can hear well too. 3. 네가 춥지 않게 난방 온도를 올렸어요. I raised the heater temperature so that you wouldn’t be cold. 4. 약속을 잊어버리지 않게 전화를 해야겠어요. I have got to call my friend so that he doesn’t forget our appointment. 5. 중요한 내용을 잊어버리지 않게끔 수첩에 메모를 하세요. Please take notes in order not to forget the important points. 6. 옷을 따뜻하게 입으세요. 감기에 걸리지 않게요. Please dress warmly in order not to catch a cold. 7. 좀 조용히 해. 다른 사람들이 공부하게. Don’t make noise in order to allow other people to study. 8. 사람들이 들어오게 문을 열어 놓으세요. Please open the door in advance so that people can enter. 9. 무엇을 사야 되는지를 깜빡하지 않게 목록을 작성하세요. Make a list so that you don’t forget what to buy. 10. 제가 잘 들을 수 있게 크게 말해 주세요.
[UKR-027] The -지 않다 familyUsage i) -지 않다 – Long negation 학교에 가지 않았다. I didn’t go to school. ii) -지 않아도 되다 – ‘Don’t have to X’ 설명하지 않아도 돼. You don’t have to explain. iii) -지 않으면 안 되다 – ‘Must X’ 숙제를 하지 않으면 안 돼요. You must do your homework. iv) -지 않을 수가 없다 – ‘Have no choice but to X’ 궁금하지 않을 수가 없다 can’t help but wonder v) -지 않고 있다 – In negative state X 사용되지 않고 있다 not being used vi) -지 않고는 – ‘Unless X’ 매일 연습을 하지 않고는 늘 수 없어요. vii) -지 않고서(는) – ‘Unless X’ 계란을 깨지 않고서는 오믈렛을 만들 수가 없어요. You cannot make an omelette without breaking eggs. viii) 여간(만) -지 않다 – ‘Not just any ordinary X’ 그녀가 여간 예쁘지 않다. She’s really beautiful. ix) 못지 않게 – ‘As good as X’ 철수는 요리사 못지 않게 요리를 잘 해. 철수 cooks as well as a chef. x) 그렇지 않아도 – ‘Even without (saying) X’ 그렇지 않아도 나도 너한테 물어보려고 했어. I was just about to ask you the same thing. xi) -M다지 않냐? – ‘Isn’t it said that X?’ 한가위 달을 보면서 진심으로 소원을 빌면 이루어진다지 않냐? Don’t they say a sincere wish upon the 한가위 moon will come true? Conjugation Type Example Conjugation AV (vowel) 하다 하지 않다 AV (cons.) 듣다 듣지 않다 DV (vowel) 빠르다 빠르지 않다 DV (cons.) 어둡다 어둡지 않다 Where: AV = action verb / processive verb. DV = descriptive verb / ‘adjective’. Contents Introduction The form -지 않다 is attached to verbs and adjectives to make them negative actions or states. It is used in both declarative and interrogative sentences. -지 않다 is an abbreviation of -지 아니하다 and negates the verb/adjective marked by -지. This -지 is historically a nominaliser, and the negative counterpart of -기. -지 않다 is used in several grammatical forms, most notably -잖아(요) which progressed from negative questions. i) -지 않다 – Long negation The long negation pattern -지 않다 is used to create negative statements and questions. Here -지 attaches to the verb stem and 않다 follows after a space. 아직 결혼하지 않았다 not yet married 학교에 가지 않았다. I didn’t go to school. 한글 맞춤법은 쉽지 않은가? Isn’t 한글 spelling easy? 여자들은 달콤한 음식을 좋아하지 않냐? Don’t girls like sweet things? 왜 이제까지 아무도 나에게 말해주지 않았을까요? Why hasn’t anybody told me this before? 딱 봐도 성형한 티 많이 나지 않아? Isn’t it obvious she got surgery? This form negates both action and descriptive verbs. The only verb it can not negate is the positive copula (이다) which has its own negative form (아니다). -지 않다 is generally interchangeable with ‘안’ but with some differences. 안 is considered more colloquial whereas -지 않다 is more bookish. 안 can sound like an abrupt negation, while -지 않다 can be perceived as more formal. The choice between the two negation forms often comes down the speaker preference or rhythm and cadence. Finally, only -지 않다 tends to be used with -답다, -스럽다, -롭다 descriptive forms. 아름답지 않다 not beautiful 자연스럽지 않다 not natural 여유롭지 않다 not enough -지도 않다 Particle 도 (meaning ‘even’) can attach to -지 to express ‘not even X’. 그녀는 이쁘지도 않다. She’s not even pretty. 이제 내 말은 듣지도 않아. He doesn’t even listen to what I say now. 너는 농구를 잘하지도 않으면서 왜 경기에 출전했니? Why did you even enter the basketball competition if you can’t play well? -지는 않다 Particle 는 can attach to -지 to give contrast or emphasis. 그녀는 이쁘지는 않다. She’s not pretty (but has other qualities). 말대꾸를 하지는 않는데 말이야. He doesn’t talk back at least (but he doesn’t listen) 내 동생이 머리가 좋긴 한데 공부를 잘하지는 않아. Even though my brother is smart he doesn’t study well (like he should). 운동을 열심히 하지만 재능이 있지는 않다. He plays hard but doesn’t have the talent. -지가 않다 Particle 가 (with its emphatic effect) can attach to -지 to express ‘so NOT X’. 그녀는 이쁘지가 않다. She’s so not pretty. 난 아직도 그 사실이 믿기지가 않는다. I still don’t believe that. 이 게임은 재밌지가 않다. This game is really no fun. -지를 않다 Particle 를 (with its emphatic effect) can attach to -지 to express ‘disappointment in X’. 그녀는 이쁘지를 않다. She’s not pretty (and I’m disappointed by that). 말을 듣질 않아. He doesn’t listen. -지만 않다 Particle 만 (meaning ‘only’) can attach to -지 to express ‘not only X’. 그녀는 이쁘지만 않다. She’s not just pretty (there’s even more). Furthermore, particle 은/는 (with its emphatic effect) can be added to -만 for additional emphasis. 그녀는 이쁘지만은 않다. She’s not just pretty (there’s EVEN MORE). Questions with -지 않아 • Details in this sub-section are largely taken from (From Kim 2016) Questions with -지 않아 can be interpreted in three ways, basically. 철수가 학교에 가지 않아? a) 철수 doesn’t go to school? b) Doesn’t 철수 go to school? c) 철수 goes to school, doesn’t he? In a), the speaker is simply asking a negative question. In b), the speaker is asking a positive question while requesting confirmation. In c), the speaker is asking a positive question while requesting agreement. By far, the most common use of -지 않아 questions is c), and the least common is a). This is important because most of the time, speakers aren’t asking true questions with -지 않아. Instead, they believe their assumption to be true and are seeking agreement from the other person. While this break down the sentence may seem over-exacting, the differences between a), b) and c) are illustrative of both -지(요) and -잖아. These grammar points have been suggested to relate to speaker certainty and understanding of knowledge between speakers, respectively. This is seen in the continuum from a) to c), where the speaker is least certain with a) and most certain with c). ii) -지 않아도 되다 – ‘Don’t have to X’ The ending -지 않아도 되다 combines -지 않다 with the permissive construction -어도 되다 to mean ‘don’t have to (do something)’. 설명하지 않아도 돼. You don’t have to explain. -어도 되다 Example: 사진을 찍어도 돼요? Can I take a picture? This pattern is not so much a negative of -어도 되다 (may do), but rather the opposite of -어야 되다 (have to). The basic meaning is ‘do not have to’. Here the speaker expresses a condition as being not necessary. A more literal meaning of this ending is ‘even if you don’t do X, that is okay’. 줄 서지 않아도 됩니다. You don’t have to stand in line. 공부를 그렇게 열심히 하지 않아도 된다. You don’t need to study so hard. 다 먹지 않아도 돼. It’s okay not to eat it all. iii) 지 않으면 안 되다 – ‘Must X’ The ending -지 않으면 안 되다 combines -지 않다 with the conditional construction -(으)면 안 되다 to mean ‘must (do something)’. 숙제를 하지 않으면 안 돼요. You must do your homework. -(으)면 안 되다 Example: 일찍 가면 안 돼요. You cannot go early. While –(으)면 안 되다 means ‘cannot (do something)’, -지 않으면 안 되다 is the opposite and means ‘must (do something)’. Here the speaker expresses a condition as being necessary. A more literal meaning of this ending is ‘if you don’t do X, that is not okay’. 운전 시에는 속도를 지키지 않으면 안 된다. You must stick to the speed limit on the driving test. 선생님 말씀을 잘 듣지 않으면 안 된다. You have to listen carefully to the teacher. 내일 시험이니 공부를 열심히 하지 않으면 안 된다. The test is tomorrow so you need to study hard. 횡단보도를 건널 때 좌우를 보지 않으면 안 된다. You have to look left and right when at the pedestrian crossing. iv) -지 않을 수가 없다 – ‘Have no choice but to X’ The ending -지 않을 수(가) 없다 combines -지 않다 with the inability construction -ㄹ 수(가) 없다 to mean ‘have no choice but to (do something)’. 궁금하지 않을 수가 없다 can’t help but wonder -ㄹ 수(가) 없다 Example: 믿을 수가 없어. I can’t believe it. While –ㄹ 수(가) 없다 means ‘unable to (do something)’, -지 않을 수(가) 없다 means ‘I can’t help it but to (do something). Here the speaker expresses what they are not unable to do. With this double negative comes the meaning of ‘I have no choice/option other than to do X’. Particle 가 is optionally used for emphatic effect, or for rhythmic purposes (where it rolls off the tongue). 놀라지 않을 수 없었다 couldn’t help but be surprised 부탁을 들어 주지 않을 수가 없어요. I can’t help doing the favour. 난 그를 보면 웃지 않을 수 없어. I can’t help but laugh when I see him. 옷이 너무 예뻐서 사지 않을 수가 없다. The clothes were so beautiful that I had to buy them. 철수는 어리석다고 하지 않을 수 없어요. 철수 is very foolish. There is no way of not saying 철수 is foolish. v) -지 않고 있다 – In negative state X -지 않고 있다 can simply be used to describe something as being in a constant negative state. 사용되지 않고 있다 not being used 아빠가 아직 안와서 밥을 먹지 않고 있다. We’re not eating because Dad isn’t here yet. Additionally, -지 않고 있다 can (at times) be used to present an implication upon something in a negative state. Compare: 아기가 자고 있지 않는다. The baby isn’t sleeping. 아기가 자지 않고 있다. The baby isn’t sleeping (though it needs rest it isn’t falling asleep). -지 않고 있다 is the less common variant because negation tends to happen at the very end. This can be used to imply the baby should be sleeping, but isn’t. The implication in these sentences can be either positive or negative. 철수가 공부를 하지 않고 있어요. 철수 isn’t studying ( he must feel confident about the test tomorrow |or| even though he has a test tomorrow). 화를 내지 않고 있다. I’m not angry ( though a lesser person would be |or| but am boiling inside ). 영희는 아직 결혼하지 않고 있어. 영희 still isn’t married ( she seems to be doing well for herself |or| I’m worried about my daughter ). vi) -지 않고는 – ‘Unless X’ The connective ending -지 않고는 combines -지 않다 with the emphatic sequential construction -고는 to mean ‘unless X happens’. 매일 연습을 하지 않고는 늘 수 없어요. You cannot improve unless you practice every day. -고는 Example: 일어서고는 노래를 부르기 시작했다. Stood up and began to sign. This pattern gets its ‘unless’ meaning from -지 않다 (meaning ‘without’) and the sequencing with -고 + emphatic 는. It basically means that following event/state cannot occur without the prior event/state. Here the speaker expresses what cannot happen next unless X occurs. 아침을 먹지 않고는 일 할 수가 없다. You cannot work without having breakfast. 비행기를 타지 않고는 하와이에 갈 수가 없다. You cannot go abroad without taking an aeroplane. 직접 해보지 않고는 모른다. Can’t tell without witnessing it first-hand. vii) -지 않고서(는) – ‘Unless X’ This connective ending is very similar in meaning to -지 않고는; but with a stronger sense of ‘X is absolutely necessary for Y to occur’. Here 않고서(는) combines -지 않다 with the emphatic sequential construction -고서(는) to mean ‘unless X happens’. 계란을 깨지 않고서는 오믈렛을 만들 수가 없어요. You cannot make an omelette without breaking eggs. -고서(는) Example: 아침을 급하게 먹고서는 서둘러 출근했다. Quickly ate breakfast and went to work. This pattern gets its ‘unless’ meaning from -지 않 (meaning ‘without’) and the sequencing with -고서. Note that the addition of 서 to -고 ’tightens’ the relationship between entities. Optional use of emphatic 는 heightens the effect of this. Here the speaker expresses what absolutely must happen for Y to occur. 교복도 입지 않고서 학교에 왔다 You cannot go to school without your uniform. 경험해보지 않고서는 이 일이 얼마나 힘든지 모른다. You cannot tell how difficult this task is without the experience. 노력하지 않고서 성공하기 어렵다. You cannot attain success without the effort. viii) 여간(만) -지 않다 – ‘Not just any ordinary X’ The ending -여간(만) -지 않다 combines 여간 (如干) meaning ‘ordinarily’ with -지 않다 to mean ‘not just any ordinary X’. 그녀가 여간 예쁘지 않다. (She’s not JUST beautiful) She’s REALLY beautiful. 여간 Example: 여간 아닌 미인 a rare beauty This pattern is used to describe anything out of the ordinary. Particle 만 can be added to 여간 to heighten something as being extremely out of the ordinary. 이불 빨래는 여간 힘들지 않다. Washing the bedding is really difficult. • While this pattern is for verb/adjectives, nouns can be expressed with 여간(만) ㅁㅁ이/가 아니다. ix) 못지 않게 – ‘As good as X’ The comparative ending -못지 않게 combines -못하다 meaning ‘poor at’, ‘not as good as’ and -지 않다 to create a double negative to mean ‘as good as X’. -게 is used here to create an adverbial-like ending. 철수는 요리사 못지 않게 요리를 잘 해. 철수 cooks as well as a chef. Here the subject is being described as being as good as, or better than, whatever it is compared with. • Note that 못지않다 is a verb in its own right and perhaps because of this, 못지 않게 is most often spelt without a space. 전문가 못지 않게 실력이 있다. She’s as good as an expert. 철수 못지않게 영희도 영어를 잘한다. 영희 is just as good at English as 철수. 탐은 한국인 못지 않게 한국어를 잘 사용한다. Tom can use Korean as good as a Korean. 그녀는 화가 못지 않게 그림을 잘 그린다. She can paint as good as an artist. 너희 반도 우리 반 못지 않게 잘했잖아. Your class did just as well as ours. x) 그렇지 않아도 – ‘Even without (saying) X’ This phrase is used by speakers to express their intention — which they had in mind even before they were given a coincidental feed. 그렇지 않아도 나도 너한테 물어보려고 했어. I was just about to ask you the same thing. Here 그렇지 refers to the prior context X (an event or something said). -지 않다 combines with -어도 (even though) to mean ‘even without’. -어도 Example: 비가 와도 갈 거야. I’ll go even if it’s raining. Together this creates a phrase meaning ‘Even without X occurring’, or ‘Even without saying X’. This used to describe what one originally intended to do, even before a prior context occurred. 그렇지 않아도 이제 막 전화하려고 했는데. I was just about to call you now. 그렇지 않아도 나도 그런 생각을 했어. That’s just what I was thinking. xi) -M다지 않냐? – ‘Isn’t it said that X?’ This pattern creates a negative question with the meaning of ‘Isn’t it so?’. The quotative pattern -M다고 하다 is usually abbreviated here to -M다 하다. 한가위 달을 보면서 진심으로 소원을 빌면 이루어진다지 않냐? Don’t they say a sincere wish upon the 한가위 moon will come true? Here it is like saying: “Isn’t it well known that X (and therefore what reason is there to disagree with me)?”. The quotative form is used here to obviate further discussion. 팔은 안으로 굽는다지 않냐? Don’t they say arms bend inwards? People favour those who are close to them (arms bend inwards) rather than extending beyond their circles (extend outwards). 철수가 이번에 중국에 갔다왔다지 않냐? Didn’t you say 철수 went to China this time? Additional details General • 않다 is an abbreviation of 아니하다 which existed until the late 19th century. Associated grammar [Please ignore: placeholder for future update] See also [Please ignore: placeholder for future update] Bibliography Affiliate links help support uK. — Chang, S.J. (1996). Korean. Amsterdam/Philadelphia: John Benjamins Publishing Company. — Cho, H., Kim, U., Kwon, J., Jeong, H., Lee, S., Son, J., & Kim, K. (2008). Master Korean 4-2 Intermediate. Paju-si: Darakwon — Choo, M., & Kwak, H. (2008). Using Korean: A Guide to Contemporary Usage. New York: Cambridge University Press. — Ihm, H.B., Hong, K.P., & Chang, S.I. (2001). Korean Grammar for International Learners. Seoul: Yonsei University Press. — Lee, K. (1993). A Korean Grammar on Semantic-Pragmatic Principles. Seoul: Hanʼguk Munhwasa. — Kim, A. Revisiting Korean long form negative question: A usage-based perspective. (2016). Linguistic Research, 33(3), 371–394. — Sells, P. (2015). Negation and Negative Polarity Items. In L. Brown & J. Yeon (Eds.), The Handbook of Korean Linguistics. Oxford: Wiley-Blackwell. — Yeon, J., & Brown, L. (2008). Korean: A Comprehensive Grammar. New York: Routledge. User examples Send in an example!
Korean grammar patterns for – Intentions and plans
Today we’ll see grammar patterns which are used to form sentences to speak about the intentions or plans. V – 게 Grammar This grammar pattern is used to state the reasons for doing certain actions in order to achieve certain goals. It indicates the basis, degree, method of etc. This can be equivalent to saying in order to, in such a way or so that (something). You can use verb ~게 in an assertive sentences or negative sentences which becomes verb ~지 않게 in that case. 예문 : 1) 제시간에 도착하게 일찍 나갑시다. Let’s go out early so that we can get there on time. 2) 먹기 편하게 냉면을 잘라 주세요. Cut the Naengmyeon so that it’s easy to eat. 의미 : Used when performing an action for the sake of something or to accomplish something. Specifically, it indicates the speaker will do what is stated in the second clause for the sake of what is stated in the first clause. V- 기 위해 (서) cannot be used directly to adjectives. However if-아 / 어지다 has added to an adjective, making it a verb, then it can be used with V- 기 위해 (서) 예문 : 1. 노트북 컴퓨터를 사기 위해서 돈을 모았어요 I saved up money to buy a laptop computer. 2. 건강을 위해서 매일 운동하고 있어요 I’m exercising every day for my health. An expression used to indicate that a result not intended during the preceding act appears in the following statement. This expression can have the meaning of ” instead ended up (doing something)” or “but instead”. It is used with verbs only. 예문 : 1) 설탕을 친다는 것이 소금을 쳤어요. I thought I was putting sugar but instead I added salt. 2) 한 번 초대한다는 것이 바빠서 못 했지요. I was going to invite them but instead I got busy. A connective ending used when the preceding statement is the purpose, result, method, amount, etc., of something mentioned in the following statement. It can be equivalent to saying ~so that, in order that, that, so as to, in order to…. in English. It should be used with Verbs. 예문 : 1) 그 여자에게 말하지 않도록 주의하라 Take care not to tell her. 2) 급행 열차에 댈 수 있도록 빨리 일어났다 I got up early so as to be on time for the express. An expression used when the speaker promises or notifies the listener that he/she will do something. This is yet another grammar pattern which is easy to use. 예문 : 1) I’ll take care of cleaning my room. 제 방 청소는 제가 알아서 할게요. 2) In the office, I will sit in a designated seat. 사무실에서는 정해진 자리에 앉을게요. ~기로 하다 has a similar meaning as ~(으)러 and ~(으)려고 하다 which is used with action verbs to express a plan or intention of any individual. It is added in the end of a sentence or clause to indicate that one “decides to do” an action. When expressing it in past tense ~기로 하다 becomes ~기로 했다. 예문 : 1) 인도가기로 했는데 코로나 때문에 못 가거든요. I intended to go to India but can’t go because of Corona. 2) 주말에 부모님과 같이 밥 먹기로 약속했어요. I promised to have dinner with my parents on the weekend. ~(으)러 has a similar meaning but the thing to remember is it is used only with some specific motion related action verbs like 가다, 오다 or 나가다. It can be used with suggestive, imperative, interrogative, and declarative sentences. 예문 : 1) 오늘 도서관에 가려고 합니다. Today I am planning to go to the library. 2) 아침에 몇 시에 부산으로 출발하려고 합니까? At what time in the morning do you intend to set off for Busan ? It is used when a person has considered doing an action, but another action happens which overlaps with the original planned action. It can be understood as “was about to” , “on the verge of” or “intending to.” 예문 : 1) I was just about to have lunch, care to join me? 막 점심을 먹으려던 참인데 같이 갈래요? 2) I was just about to leave. 막 나가려던 참이었다 An expression used to indicate the speaker’s intention to do the act mentioned in the preceding statement, as a condition for the following statement. An expression used to indicate the speaker’s strong guess as a condition for the following statement. 예문 : 1) Jisoo must have arrived home by now, so call her. 지수는 지금쯤 집에 도착했을 테니까 전화해 보세요. 2) I’ll put the kids to sleep, so you get some rest. 아이들은 내가 재울 테니까 당신은 좀 쉬어. It is used to indicate what either the listener or a third party would or must do. It is an expression used to indicate the speaker’s determination or will, used to indicate that the listener or another person is supposed to do a certain thing or be in a certain state. 예문 : 1) 시간이 더 걸리더라도 기다려야지요. We have to wait even if it takes more time. 2) 사람은 모름지기 정직해야지요. People should be honest without knowing. An expression used to express that the incident mentioned in the preceding statement almost occurred but ultimately did not occur. It can be used in the expressions used to exaggerate something that happened in the past. 예문 : 1) 눈길에서 속력을 줄이지 않아서 사고가 날 뻔했다. I almost had an accident because I didn’t reduce the speed in my eyes. 2) 지수는 부모님의 사고 소식을 듣고 정신을 잃을 뻔했다. Jisoo almost lost her mind when she heard the news of her parents’ accident. ” Verb + (으)러 ” is used to express the motive, purpose or intention of the action. It has the meaning of ” in order to do something ” and 가다, 오다 or 다니다 is always followed by the verb in the sentence. 예문 : 1) 우리는 쇼핑하러 명동에 갈 거예요. We are going to Myeongdong to shop. 2) 밥 먹으러 가는 거 어때 ? How about going for a meal ? A connective ending used when the speaker has a certain purpose, intention, hope, etc. It can mean “wanting to, wishing to, should/would like to, going to, willing to, intending to, so as to, with the intention of, so that ~ may, for the purpose of” etc in English. 예문 : 1) 그게 내가 말하고자 했던 거다 That is what I was going to say. or This is what I was wanting to say. 2) 충분한 수면을 취하고자 그는 일찍 잔다 He goes to bed early so as to get plenty of sleep.
Korean Wiki Project
From Korean Wiki Project Description Adjective/Verb + 지 않다 : This pattern is equivalent to not ~. This verb is used to negate the verb or adjective attached to it. Notes Conjugation Rule Conjugation Rule Pattern Case Example Rule 1: A/V + 지 않다 If there is no 받침 or if the adjective/verb stem has ㄹ as a 받침 예쁘다 → 예쁘지 않다 Rule 2: A/V + 지 않다 If there is a 받침 at the end of the adjective/verb stem 덥다 → 덥지 않다 Conjugation Examples 예쁘다 → 예쁘지 않다 덥다 → 덥지 않다 춥다 → 춥지 않다 깊다 → 깊지 않다 시끄럽다 → 시끄럽지 않다 멀다 → 멀지 않다 Sentence Examples Korean English Notes 우리 집은 넓지 않습니다. My house is not large. Formal declarative 저는 키가 크지 않습니다. I’m not tall. Formal declarative 이 가방은 비싸지 않아요. This bag is not expensive. Polite informal form 김치는 맵지 않아. Kimchi is not spicy. Low form 이 가방은 무겁지 않아요. This luggage is not heavy. Polite informal form 어제는 날씨가 맑지 않았어요. It was not sunny yesterday. Polite informal form 내일은 비가 오지 않을 거예요. It will not rain tomorrow. Polite informal form 한국어는 어렵지 않아. Korean is not difficult. Low form 내 동생은 오지 않았어요. My younger sister didn’t come. Polite informal form 난 피곤하지 않아. I am not tired. Low form Pronunciation Special pronunciation rule?
Lesson 56: To make, to let: ~게 하다, ~게: so that
Click here for Korean Short Stories specifically tailored to learners at this level. Click here for a Workbook to go along with this lesson. This Lesson is also available in Español Jump to: Vocabulary Introduction To make/To let…: ~게 하다 ~So that, In order to, To allow for: ~게 Vocabulary Click on the English word to see information and examples of that word in use. Use these sentences to give yourself a feel for how each word can be used, and maybe even to expose yourself to the grammar that you will be learning shortly. A PDF file neatly presenting these words and extra information can be found here. Nouns: 부전공 = minor (in university) Common Usages: 부전공을 하다 = to minor in, to do a minor Examples: 저의 전공은 철학인데 부전공은 화학이에요 = My major is philosophy, but my minor is chemistry 저는 학생이 더 좋은 부전공을 선택하게 했어요 = I made the student select a better minor 우리 대학교에서 가장 인기가 많은 부전공은 경영이에요 = The most popular minor in our university is management 형식 = form, formality, format Common Usages: 자유형식 = free style Examples: 저는 학생들이 이 형식을 따르게 했어요 = I made the students follow this format 저는 한국의 형식적인 결혼식을 별로 좋아하지 않아요 = I don’t really like Korean style weddings 이 서류를 자유 형식으로 작성 후 내일까지 제출해 주세요 = After filling out this document (without any form), please submit it by tomorrow 진로 = one’s career path The pronunciation of this word is closer to “질로” Common Usages: 진로탐색 = career exploration Examples: 저는 우리 아들이 다른 진로를 고르게 할 거예요 = I’m going to make our son choose a different (career) path 저의 가장 큰 고민은 제 미래의 진로를 결정하는 거예요 = My biggest worry is deciding my future career path 각자 자신에 맞는 진로에 따라 공부를 하는 것이 매우 중요해요 = It is very important for each person to study something that matches their career path 과정 = process Common Usages: 교과 과정 = curriculum Examples: 한국으로 이민하는 과정은 복잡해요 = The process of immigrating to Korea is complicated 어려운 시련을 극복하는 과정에서 인생에서 제일 중요한 것을 배웠어요 = I learned that overcoming difficult hardships is the most important thing in life 저는 학생들이 과정을 더 잘 이해할 수 있게 다시 설명해 주었어요 = I explained it again to the students so that they could understand the process better 축제 = festival The pronunciation of this word is closer to “축쩨” Common Usages: 벗꽃축제 = cherry blossom festival 불꽃축제 = fireworks festival Examples: 제가 축제에 가게 해 주세요 = Please let me go to the festival 전 세계에서 온 관광객들은 그 축제에 갔어요 = Tourists from all over the world went to that festival 그 여자가 입고 있는 옷은 이 축제에 알맞아요 = The clothes that girl is wearing is perfect for this occasion/festival 목록 = list, inventory The pronunciation of this word is closer to “몽녹” Examples: 이 책을 종이에 나온 목록에 따라 정리해 주세요 = Please organize this book according to the list on the paper 무엇을 사야 되는지를 깜빡하지 않게 목록을 작성하세요 = Make a list so that you don’t forget what you have to buy 창고에 어떤 제품이 있는지 목록을 한번 확인해야 될 것 같아요 = I’ll need to check the inventory list (once) to see which items we have in the warehouse 상점 = store Examples: 보통 한국에서는 상점이 밤 늦게까지 열어요 = Stores in Korea are usually open until late at night 저는 딸을 상점에서 조금 더 둘러보게 했어요 = I’m going to let my daughter look around the store a little bit more 시야 = one’s field of vision Common Usages: 시야가 넓다 = to have a broad outlook 시야를 넓히다 = to broaden one’s outlook 시야가 흐리다 = for one’s vision to be blurry Examples: 뒤에 있는 차가 저의 시야에 있게 거울을 조금 움직였어요 = I moved the mirror a little bit so that the cars behind me would be in my field of vision 제가 여행을 좋아하는 가장 큰 이유는 제 시야를 넓힐 수 있기 때문이에요 = The biggest reason why I like travelling is that it broadens one’s outlook 갑자기 시야가 흐려지기 시작하면 먼저 병원에 가서 눈 검사를 해야 돼요 = If your vision suddenly starts to get blurry, you must first go to the hospital and get an eye exam 도구 = tools Common Usages: 세면도구 = toiletries Examples: 도구를 찾을 수 있게 불을 켰어요 = I turned on the light so that I could find my tools 적절한 도구가 있으면 저는 무엇이든지 만들 수 있어요 = I can make anything if I have the right tools 원숭이는 도구를 사용해서 음식을 먹을 줄 아는 똑똑한 동물이에요 = Monkeys are smart animals that know how to use tools to eat 햇빛 = sun light The pronunciation of this word is closer to “해삗” Notes: This word contains a 사이시옷. For information about this, see Lesson 131. Common Usages: 햇빛이 들어오다 = for sunlight to come in Examples: 저는 햇빛이 안 들어오게 했어요 = I made it so the sunlight won’t come in 햇빛이 너무 세서 로션을 바르세요 = Put some lotion on because the sunlight is really strong 햇빛이 안 들어오게 커튼을 내려 주세요 = Pull the curtains down so that the sunlight doesn’t come in 햇빛으로 지면이 이렇게 뜨거울 수 있구나 = I didn’t realize that the earth’s surface could get so hot from sunlight Verbs: Conjugate 도달하다 = to arrive, to reach Notes: This word usually isn’t used to indicate that one arrives at a destination. The word 도착하다 is typically used for that meaning. 도달하다 is usually used when a figurative place is reached. Common Usages: 한계에 도달하다 = to reach a limit 목표에 도달하다 = to arrive at/reach a goal 정상에 도달하다 = to arrive at/reach the top Examples: 우리가 어쩔 수 없는 문제에 도달했다 = We arrived at the problem that we can’t do anything about 저는 선수가 자기 한계에 도달할 때까지 계속 운동하게 했어요 = I made the athlete keep going until he reached his limit 목표에 도달해서 느끼는 성취감은 무엇과도 바꿀 수 없는 느낌이에요 = The feeling of achievement after reaching a goal is an irreplaceable feeling Conjugate 싣다 = to load The pronunciation of this word is closer to “싣따” Common Usages: 물건을 싣다 = to load items 이삿짐을 싣다 = to load moving boxes Examples: 짐을 그냥 트렁크에 실어요 = Just put/load the suitcases/luggage in the trunk 노동자들이 박스를 트럭에 싣게 했어요 = I made the workers load the boxes onto the truck 내일 이사를 가서 이삿짐을 싣기 위해 차를 빌렸어요 = I am moving tomorrow, so I rented a car so that I can load the moving boxes Conjugate 둘러보다 = to look around Examples: 이 주변을 그냥 둘러볼까요? = Shall we just look around this area? 저는 딸을 상점에서 조금 더 둘러보게 했어요 = I’m going to let my daughter look around the store a little bit more 집을 구하기 전에 그 집 안을 유심히 둘러봐야 돼요 = Before you buy/rent a house, you need to look around the inside of the house carefully Conjugate 들여다보다 = to look into Examples: 저는 친구가 그 이상한 집을 들여다보게 했어요 = I made my friend look into that weird house 사람의 마음을 잘 들여다보는 것은 뛰어난 재능이에요 = Knowing how to read people’s minds is an outstanding talent 박스에 뭐가 들어 있는지 확인하게 한번 들여다보세요 = Look into the box to check what is inside 누군가가 자꾸 저희 집안을 들여다봐서 경찰에 신고했어요 = Somebody keeps looking into our house, so I reported it to the police Conjugate 내다보다 = to look out of Common Usages: In English, we say “to look into the future.” In Korean, they use the verb “내다보다,” which would actually translate to “to look out to the future.” For example: 앞을 내다보다 = to look into the future 멀리 내다보다 = to look far away, to look into the future 미래를 내다보다 = to look into the future Examples: 미래를 내다보고 그에 따라 준비를 하는 사람들은 성공할 수 있어요 = People who look into the future and prepare accordingly succeed 무엇이든지 결정을 할 때 멀리 내다보고 생각을 한 후 결정해야 돼요 = Whatever it is, when you make a decision, you should make your decision after looking at/considering the future 심심한 학생은 수업 시간 동안 집중하지 않고 그냥 밖을 내다보고 있었어요 = The bored student in class wasn’t concentrating and was just looking outside the window Conjugate 노크하다 = to knock Examples: 애기가 깨지 않게 조용히 노크해 주세요 = Knock quietly so that the baby doesn’t wake up 제가 제일 싫어하는 사람은 바로 노크를 하지 않고 방에 들어오는 사람이에요 = People I hate the most are those who enter a room without knocking Conjugate 성취하다 = to accomplish The noun form of this word (“성취”) translates to “an accomplishment” or “an achievement” Common Usages: 성취감 = the feeling of achievement Examples: 선생님들은 학생들이 목표를 성취하게 하기 위해 열심히 일해요 = Teachers work hard so that students can achieve their goals 사랑, 성공, 명예 모두를 동시에 성취하는 일은 쉽지 않아서 우선순위를 정하는 게 중요해요 = It is not easy to achieve love, success and honor all at the same time, so it is important to prioritize them Conjugate 싸다 = to wrap up Common Usages: 싸 가다 = to pack up and go 싸(서) 먹다 = to wrap something up and eat it (Korea people often wrap meat in lettuce) 도시락을 싸다 = to pack a lunch box Examples: 애기를 포대기로 싸라고 시켰어요 = I made him wrap the baby in a blanket 고기를 상추에 싸서 먹으면 제일 맛있어요 = If you wrap your meat in lettuce then eat it, it is the most delicious 저는 엄마가 저를 위해 도시락을 싸게 했어요 = I made my mom pack/wrap up a lunch box for me Conjugate 맞히다 = to guess correctly The pronunciation of this word is closer to “마치다” Common Usages: 맞혀 봐! = Try and guess! 정답을 맞히다 = to guess the correct answer Examples: 정답을 맞히는 학생에게 선물을 줄 거예요 = I will give a present to the student who guesses the correct answer Conjugate 끼다 = to put on (a ring, gloves, sunglasses, etc…) Common Usages: 반지를 끼다 = to put on a ring 장갑을 끼다 = to put on gloves 선글라스를 끼다 = to put on sunglasses Examples: 오늘 반지를 왜 안 끼고 다녀요? = Why are you not wearing (and walking around with) your ring today? 사람들이 보통 헬스를 할 때 장갑을 끼고 해요 = When people workout (in a gym), they usually wear gloves (put gloves on and do it) 오늘 햇빛이 아주 강해서 선글라스를 껴야 돼요 = Today the sun is very strong so you should wear sunglasses Conjugate 깨다 = to wake up Notes: 깨다 doesn’t act on objects. Rather, it is used to indicate that a subject has woken up. For example: 애기가 깼어요 = The baby woke up It is also common to use the word “잠” to indicate that the person has woken up from sleeping. For example: 애기가 잠이 깼어요 = The baby woke up You can indicate what woke the person up by attaching ~에 to the thing that caused the person to wake up. For example: 애기가 소리에 잠이 깼어요 = The baby woke up because of/from the noise/sound You can use the word 깨우다 when a person actively wakes up somebody else. For example: 저는 애기를 깨웠어요 = I woke up the baby Also note that even though the translation “wake up” is used, 깨다 (and 깨우다) does not mean that the person actually gets up (as in, gets out of bed). Instead, it simply means that the person woke up from sleeping, but it is possible that he or she is still lying down. If you want to indicate that one actually gets out of bed, you can use the word 일어나다. Common Usages: 잠이 깨다 = to wake up 술이 깨다 = to sober up Examples: 애기가 깨지 않게 조용히 노크해 주세요 = Knock quietly so that the baby doesn’t wake up 아침에 일어나자마자 밥을 먹고 물을 많이 마시니 술이 깼어요 = Now that I have woken and ate (rice) and drank water right away, I am not drunk/hung-over anymore Passive Verbs: Conjugate 싸이다 = to be wrapped up Common Usages: 이불에 싸이다 = to be wrapped up in a blanket 안개에 싸이다 = to be wrapped/covered in fog Examples: 애기가 이불에 완전히 싸여 있어서 너무 귀여워 보였어요 = The baby was completely wrapped in the blankets so he looked so cute 오늘 아침에 비닐봉지에 싸여 있는 돈을 발견해서 경찰에 신고했어요 = In the morning I found money (wrapped) in a plastic bag and reported it to the police Adjectives: Conjugate 날씬하다 = to be slim/slender Notes: 날씬하다 usually has a positive connotation. When talking about somebody who is too thin, the word 마르다 is commonly used. Examples: 그 날씬한 여자가 저를 좋아하게 하고 싶어요 = I want to make that thin girl like me 슬기는 뼈마디가 얇아서 실제 몸무게보다 날씬해 보여요 = Seulgi has thin joints (a term that we would never say in English but is possible in Korean) so she looks thinner than her actual body weight Adverbs and Other Words: 더욱 = more and more Examples: 나이가 들수록 살이 더욱 쉽게 쪄요 = It is easier to gain weight as you get older 무게가 무거울수록 더욱 값이 비싸져요 = It gets more expensive as the weight increases 그녀랑 사귀다 보니 그녀가 더욱 좋아졌어요 = While going out with her, (I realized/noticed that) she has become better and better 요즘에 그 회사가 브랜드를 더 더욱 국제화하려고 하고 있다 = That company is trying more and more to globalize its brand 네가 여기서 있는 것은 이 문제를 더욱 어렵게 할 뿐이야 = You being here just makes the problem worse For help memorizing these words, try using our Memrise tool. There are 625 vocabulary entries in Unit 3. All entries are linked to an audio file. You can download all of these files in one package here. Introduction In this lesson, you will learn how to say “one makes” or “one lets” a person to do an action. Just like with a lot of other Korean grammatical principles, this one doesn’t make sense at first to English speakers, simply because the construction is so different from English grammar. As always, I will break it down for you step by step. Let’s get started. To make/To let…: ~게 하다 Before we begin, note that the word “to make” has many meanings in English. In this lesson, we are not talking about the definition of “to make” as it refers to “building” something. Instead, we are talking about the definition of the word “make” in the following sentence: I make my mom happy Note here that this definition of “make” has nothing to do with actually building/making an object. Rather, it is about influencing/telling somebody what to do. Here are more examples of this usage in English: I made him study I want to make my friend leave I will make him sleep Korean people don’t distinguish between “making” a person doing something, and “letting” a person doing something. It sounds weird to an English speaker, but the Korean translations for the above sentences would be the same as the Korean translations for the following sentences: I let him study I want to let my friend leave I will let him sleep English learners see this grammatical principle (which I haven’t even introduced to you yet) and get hung up on the fact it can mean “to make” or “to let.” How can one thing in Korean translate to two seemingly different things in English? Just a quick note. We see this same phenomenon many times when we compare English and Korean. You saw something similar when you learned about ~아/어야 하다 (Lesson 46) and how it can be translated to “one must” or “one should.” Remember, these languages are vastly different, and just because something is done in English, doesn’t mean the same principle will apply in Korean. Let me introduce this grammatical principle to you with one simple example. To create this meaning of “to make” or “to let,” you can attach ~게 하다 to the stem of a word. The subject of the sentence “makes/lets” the object do that action. For example: 나는 그를 공부하게 했다 Two common English translations for this Korean sentence would be: I made him study I let him study I’d like to discuss why the translations of “to make” and/or “to let” are used in this situation. In English, the word “to make” is more related to forcing a person to do an action; whereas “to let” is more related to allowing a person to do an action. In both cases, the subject is doing something (either forcing or allowing) that, in the end, influences/causes the person to do the action. The Korean usage does not distinguish between “forcing” or “allowing.” It simply indicates that the subject does something (regardless of it was by “forcing” or “allowing”) that causes/influences the rest of the clause to occur. Therefore, a more accurate translation might be: 나는 그를 공부하게 했다 = I did something that caused/influenced him to study Therefore, it’s not that “~게 하다” can have two translations – but rather that the meanings of “make” and “let” are very specific – and both of these meanings can be encompassed in the idea that “one causes/influences the action to occur.” Let’s look at many more examples. I’ll use the word “make” or “let” often depending on the context, but try to remember that the usage of these words is more of an English phenomenon that isn’t distinguished in these Korean sentences. 저는 그를 자게 할 거예요 = I will let him sleep 학생들은 선생님을 화나게 했어요 = The students made the teacher mad 저는 학생들을 바로 준비하게 했어요 = I made the students get ready right away 저는 아들을 오늘 아침에 일찍 일어나게 했어요 = I made our son wake up early today 저는 딸을 상점에서 조금 더 둘러보게 했어요 = I’m going to let my daughter look around the store a little bit more 제가 축제에 가게 해 주세요 = Please let me go to the festival 저는 학생들을 공부하게 해 주었어요 = I let the students study In the previous two examples, I attached ~아/어 주다 to ~게 하다. In Lesson 41, you learned the purpose and meaning of using ~아/어 주다. Assuming that the action is somehow positive or beneficial for the person being influenced, it is acceptable to attach ~아/어 주다 to the end of ~게 하다. To a relative beginner of Korean grammar (at Lesson 56, you could call yourself that), this might look complicated, but it’s just the meaning of ~아/어 주다 added on top of ~게 하다. ~게 하다 can also be added to adjectives. When used like this, the subject causes/influences the object to “be” the adjective used. For example: 저는 저의 여자 친구를 행복하게 했어요 = I made my girlfriend happy, or 저는 저의 여자 친구를 행복하게 해 주었어요 = I made my girlfriend happy A common adjective that this is used with is 놀라다, which translates to “to be surprised.” By attaching ~게 하다 to 놀라다, you can indicate that “one did something to cause/influence somebody to be surprised.” This can more simply be translated to “one surprised somebody.” For example: 제가 한국말을 할 수 있어서 저는 한국 사람들을 항상 놀라게 해요 = Because I can speak Korean, I always surprise Korean people 엄마가 저에게 선물을 줘서 저를 놀라게 했어요 = Because my mother gave me a present, she surprised me Here are more examples of ~게 하다 used with adjectives: 저는 우리 엄마를 슬프게 했어요 = I made our mom sad 애기를 무섭게 하지 마세요! = Don’t make the baby scared (don’t scare the baby) 아빠는 저를 피곤하게 했어요 = Dad made me tired 저의 남자 친구가 저의 기분을 상하게 했어요 = My boyfriend made me feel bad (made me ruin my feelings) 네가 그렇게 말하면 나를 창피하게 할 거야 = If you say it like that, you’re going to make me ashamed 손님들이 우리 집에 오면 저는 항상 손님들을 편하게 하려고 노력해요 = When guests come to our house, I always try to make them comfortable 저는 잘생긴 친구를 데려가서 저의 남자 친구를 질투하게 했어요 = I brought a handsome man with me, so it made my boyfriend jealous In the sentences so far, you have seen examples where the subject causes/influences another person to do an action (or be an adjective). Often times you might want to create a sentence where the subject “causes/influences” another person to act on another object. For example, instead of just saying: I made him study You might want to say: I made him study Korean In these situations, ~이/가 can be attached to the person you are influencing, and ~을/를 can be attached to the object that the person is acting on. For example: 나는 그를 공부하게 했다 = I made him study 나는 그가 한국어를 공부하게 했다 = I made him study Korean 나는 그를 이해하게 했다 = I made him understand 나는 그가 한국어 문법을 이해하게 했다 = I made him understand Korean grammar Below are many more examples: 나는 학생들이 내 말을 듣게 했어 = I made the students listen to me 저는 남편이 결혼반지를 끼게 했어요 = I made my husband wear our/the wedding ring 그 날씬한 여자가 저를 좋아하게 하고 싶어요 = I want to make that thin girl like me 저는 학생이 더 좋은 부전공을 선택하게 했어요 = I made the student select a better minor 저는 엄마가 저를 위해 도시락을 싸게 했어요 = I made my mom pack/wrap up a lunch box for me 노동자들이 박스를 트럭에 싣게 했어요 = I made the workers load the boxes onto the truck 저는 학생들이 이 형식을 따르게 했어요 = I made the students follow this format 저는 햇빛이 안 들어오게 했어요 = I made it so the sunlight won’t come in 저는 친구가 그 이상한 집을 들여다보게 했어요 = I made my friend look into that weird house 저는 우리 아들이 다른 진로를 고르게 할 거예요 = I’m going to make our son choose a different (career) path 저는 학생들이 정답을 맞힐 때까지 계속 해 보게 했어요 = I let the students keep trying until they guessed correctly 저는 선수가 자기 한계에 도달할 때까지 계속 운동하게 했어요 = I made the athlete keep going until he reached his limit In all of the examples you have seen so far, 하다 is used immediately after ~게. Let’s look at how we use something else other than 하다 after ~게. So that, In Order to, To allow for: ~게 Earlier in the lesson, I introduced the purpose and meaning of using ~게 하다 in a sentence. I explained that ~게 하다 is used when the subject does an action (regardless of it was by “forcing” or “allowing”) that causes/influences the action/adjective to occur. In the all of the examples you have seen so far, you don’t know specifically what the “action” was that causes/influences the action/adjective to occur. You have seen that 하다 is used in these sentences – but this is because it isn’t implied what is done to cause/influence the action/adjective to occur. It is possible to place another verb – or better yet, an entire clause after ~게 to indicate what causes/influences the action to occur. Let’s look at a simple example: 선생님은 제가 칠판을 보게 했어요 This could be translated to: The teacher made me look at the board, or The teacher let me look at the board, or more generally The teacher did something that caused/influenced me to look at the board In this example, it isn’t implied what was done to cause/influence/make/let me look at the board. All we know is the teacher did some action. However, I can specify what the teacher did by replacing 하다 with another verb/clause that provides more information. For example: 선생님은 제가 칠판을 보게 불을 켰어요 = The teacher turned on the light so that I could see the board Just like when 하다 is used after ~게, the clause after ~게 (불을 켰어요) causes or influences the clause before ~게 to occur. A common translation for “~게” in this type of sentence is “… so that…”. Below are many examples: 제가 잘 들을 수 있게 크게 말해 주세요 = Please speak loudly so that I can hear you well 음식을 좀 만들게 재료를 사 와 = Buy some ingredients so that I can make some food 애기가 깨지 않게 조용히 노크해 주세요 = Knock quietly so that the baby doesn’t wake up 도구를 찾을 수 있게 불을 켰어요 = I turned on the light so that I could find my tools 저는 학생들이 다 이해할 수 있게 설명했어요 = I explained it so that all the students could understand it 햇빛이 안 들어오게 커튼을 내려 주세요 = Pull the curtains down so that the sunlight doesn’t come in 뒤에 있는 차가 저의 시야에 있게 거울을 조금 움직였어요 = I moved the mirror a little bit so that the cars behind me would be in my field of vision 저는 학생들이 과정을 더 잘 이해할 수 있게 저는 다시 설명해 주었어요 = I explained it again to the students so that they could understand the process better 무엇을 사야 되는지를 깜빡하지 않게 목록을 작성하세요 = Make a list so that you don’t forget what you have to buy 선생님들은 학생들이 목표를 성취하게 하기 위해 열심히 일해요 = Teachers work hard so that students can achieve their goals The following is from the Intermediate TOPIK Test (Number 27): 사람들이 모두 보게 안내문을 벽에 붙였다 = (I) posted (attached) an information sign on the wall so that all the people (can) see it The question was asking if the following two sentences have the same meaning: 사람들이 모두 보게 안내문을 벽에 붙였다, and 사람들이 모두 보도록 안내문을 벽에 붙였다 At this point, you have yet to learn about ~도록, but when you learn about it in Lesson 92 you will see that the two sentences above have the same meaning. I talk about this usage of ~게 in a YouTube video. Check it out! That’s it for this lesson! We will continue to talk about this meaning of “to make/to let” in the next lesson. There are 1200 example sentences in Unit 3. All entries are linked to an audio file. You can download all of these files in one package here. Okay, I got it! Take me to the next lesson! Or, Click here for Korean Short Stories specifically tailored to learners at this level. Click here for a Workbook to go along with this lesson.
L2G71 A/V-게 grammar = so that, in order to…~focus on the goal Flashcards
Created by dariapopova13 Usage: – Indicate that the goal is the reason for doing the action (~focus on the goal) = so that, in order to. – A/V-게끔 can be used to emphasize the form (example 5) – A/V-게 can be used at the end of sentence (example 6, 7) Tense: Adjective /Verb – 긍정: A/V-게 – 부정: A/V-지 않게
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Lesson 56: To make, to let: ~게 하다, ~게: so that
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Click here for a Workbook to go along with this lesson.
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Vocabulary
Introduction
To make/To let…: ~게 하다
~So that, In order to, To allow for: ~게
Vocabulary
Click on the English word to see information and examples of that word in use. Use these sentences to give yourself a feel for how each word can be used, and maybe even to expose yourself to the grammar that you will be learning shortly.
A PDF file neatly presenting these words and extra information can be found here.
Nouns:
부전공 = minor (in university)
Common Usages:
부전공을 하다 = to minor in, to do a minor Examples:
저의 전공은 철학인데 부전공은 화학이에요 = My major is philosophy, but my minor is chemistry
저는 학생이 더 좋은 부전공을 선택하게 했어요 = I made the student select a better minor
우리 대학교에서 가장 인기가 많은 부전공은 경영이에요 = The most popular minor in our university is management
형식 = form, formality, format
Common Usages:
자유형식 = free style Examples:
저는 학생들이 이 형식을 따르게 했어요 = I made the students follow this format 저는 한국의 형식적인 결혼식을 별로 좋아하지 않아요
= I don’t really like Korean style weddings 이 서류를 자유 형식으로 작성 후 내일까지 제출해 주세요
= After filling out this document (without any form), please submit it by tomorrow
진로 = one’s career path
The pronunciation of this word is closer to “질로” Common Usages:
진로탐색 = career exploration Examples:
저는 우리 아들이 다른 진로를 고르게 할 거예요
= I’m going to make our son choose a different (career) path 저의 가장 큰 고민은 제 미래의 진로를 결정하는 거예요
= My biggest worry is deciding my future career path 각자 자신에 맞는 진로에 따라 공부를 하는 것이 매우 중요해요
= It is very important for each person to study something that matches their career path
과정 = process
Common Usages:
교과 과정 = curriculum Examples:
한국으로 이민하는 과정은 복잡해요
= The process of immigrating to Korea is complicated 어려운 시련을 극복하는 과정에서 인생에서 제일 중요한 것을 배웠어요
= I learned that overcoming difficult hardships is the most important thing in life 저는 학생들이 과정을 더 잘 이해할 수 있게 다시 설명해 주었어요
= I explained it again to the students so that they could understand the process better
축제 = festival
The pronunciation of this word is closer to “축쩨” Common Usages:
벗꽃축제 = cherry blossom festival
불꽃축제 = fireworks festival Examples:
제가 축제에 가게 해 주세요 = Please let me go to the festival 전 세계에서 온 관광객들은 그 축제에 갔어요
= Tourists from all over the world went to that festival 그 여자가 입고 있는 옷은 이 축제에 알맞아요
= The clothes that girl is wearing is perfect for this occasion/festival
목록 = list, inventory
The pronunciation of this word is closer to “몽녹” Examples:
이 책을 종이에 나온 목록에 따라 정리해 주세요
= Please organize this book according to the list on the paper 무엇을 사야 되는지를 깜빡하지 않게 목록을 작성하세요
= Make a list so that you don’t forget what you have to buy 창고에 어떤 제품이 있는지 목록을 한번 확인해야 될 것 같아요
= I’ll need to check the inventory list (once) to see which items we have in the warehouse
상점 = store
Examples:
보통 한국에서는 상점이 밤 늦게까지 열어요 = Stores in Korea are usually open until late at night
저는 딸을 상점에서 조금 더 둘러보게 했어요 = I’m going to let my daughter look around the store a little bit more
시야 = one’s field of vision
Common Usages:
시야가 넓다 = to have a broad outlook
시야를 넓히다 = to broaden one’s outlook
시야가 흐리다 = for one’s vision to be blurry Examples:
뒤에 있는 차가 저의 시야에 있게 거울을 조금 움직였어요
= I moved the mirror a little bit so that the cars behind me would be in my field of vision 제가 여행을 좋아하는 가장 큰 이유는 제 시야를 넓힐 수 있기 때문이에요
= The biggest reason why I like travelling is that it broadens one’s outlook 갑자기 시야가 흐려지기 시작하면 먼저 병원에 가서 눈 검사를 해야 돼요
= If your vision suddenly starts to get blurry, you must first go to the hospital and get an eye exam
도구 = tools
Common Usages:
세면도구 = toiletries Examples:
도구를 찾을 수 있게 불을 켰어요
= I turned on the light so that I could find my tools 적절한 도구가 있으면 저는 무엇이든지 만들 수 있어요
= I can make anything if I have the right tools 원숭이는 도구를 사용해서 음식을 먹을 줄 아는 똑똑한 동물이에요
= Monkeys are smart animals that know how to use tools to eat
햇빛 = sun light
The pronunciation of this word is closer to “해삗” Notes: This word contains a 사이시옷. For information about this, see Lesson 131. Common Usages:
햇빛이 들어오다 = for sunlight to come in Examples:
저는 햇빛이 안 들어오게 했어요 = I made it so the sunlight won’t come in
햇빛이 너무 세서 로션을 바르세요 = Put some lotion on because the sunlight is really strong 햇빛이 안 들어오게 커튼을 내려 주세요
= Pull the curtains down so that the sunlight doesn’t come in 햇빛으로 지면이 이렇게 뜨거울 수 있구나
= I didn’t realize that the earth’s surface could get so hot from sunlight
Verbs:
Conjugate 도달하다 = to arrive, to reach
Notes: This word usually isn’t used to indicate that one arrives at a destination. The word 도착하다 is typically used for that meaning. 도달하다 is usually used when a figurative place is reached. Common Usages:
한계에 도달하다 = to reach a limit
목표에 도달하다 = to arrive at/reach a goal
정상에 도달하다 = to arrive at/reach the top Examples:
우리가 어쩔 수 없는 문제에 도달했다
= We arrived at the problem that we can’t do anything about 저는 선수가 자기 한계에 도달할 때까지 계속 운동하게 했어요
= I made the athlete keep going until he reached his limit 목표에 도달해서 느끼는 성취감은 무엇과도 바꿀 수 없는 느낌이에요
= The feeling of achievement after reaching a goal is an irreplaceable feeling
Conjugate 싣다 = to load
The pronunciation of this word is closer to “싣따” Common Usages:
물건을 싣다 = to load items
이삿짐을 싣다 = to load moving boxes Examples:
짐을 그냥 트렁크에 실어요 = Just put/load the suitcases/luggage in the trunk
노동자들이 박스를 트럭에 싣게 했어요 = I made the workers load the boxes onto the truck
내일 이사를 가서 이삿짐을 싣기 위해 차를 빌렸어요 = I am moving tomorrow, so I rented a car so that I can load the moving boxes
Conjugate 둘러보다 = to look around
Examples:
이 주변을 그냥 둘러볼까요? = Shall we just look around this area? 저는 딸을 상점에서 조금 더 둘러보게 했어요
= I’m going to let my daughter look around the store a little bit more 집을 구하기 전에 그 집 안을 유심히 둘러봐야 돼요
= Before you buy/rent a house, you need to look around the inside of the house carefully
Conjugate 들여다보다 = to look into
Examples:
저는 친구가 그 이상한 집을 들여다보게 했어요
= I made my friend look into that weird house 사람의 마음을 잘 들여다보는 것은 뛰어난 재능이에요
= Knowing how to read people’s minds is an outstanding talent 박스에 뭐가 들어 있는지 확인하게 한번 들여다보세요
= Look into the box to check what is inside 누군가가 자꾸 저희 집안을 들여다봐서 경찰에 신고했어요
= Somebody keeps looking into our house, so I reported it to the police
Conjugate 내다보다 = to look out of
Common Usages: In English, we say “to look into the future.” In Korean, they use the verb “내다보다,” which would actually translate to “to look out to the future.” For example: 앞을 내다보다 = to look into the future
멀리 내다보다 = to look far away, to look into the future
미래를 내다보다 = to look into the future Examples:
미래를 내다보고 그에 따라 준비를 하는 사람들은 성공할 수 있어요
= People who look into the future and prepare accordingly succeed 무엇이든지 결정을 할 때 멀리 내다보고 생각을 한 후 결정해야 돼요
= Whatever it is, when you make a decision, you should make your decision after looking at/considering the future 심심한 학생은 수업 시간 동안 집중하지 않고 그냥 밖을 내다보고 있었어요
= The bored student in class wasn’t concentrating and was just looking outside the window
Conjugate 노크하다 = to knock
Examples:
애기가 깨지 않게 조용히 노크해 주세요 = Knock quietly so that the baby doesn’t wake up
제가 제일 싫어하는 사람은 바로 노크를 하지 않고 방에 들어오는 사람이에요 = People I hate the most are those who enter a room without knocking
Conjugate 성취하다 = to accomplish
The noun form of this word (“성취”) translates to “an accomplishment” or “an achievement” Common Usages:
성취감 = the feeling of achievement Examples:
선생님들은 학생들이 목표를 성취하게 하기 위해 열심히 일해요
= Teachers work hard so that students can achieve their goals 사랑, 성공, 명예 모두를 동시에 성취하는 일은 쉽지 않아서 우선순위를 정하는 게 중요해요
= It is not easy to achieve love, success and honor all at the same time, so it is important to prioritize them
Conjugate 싸다 = to wrap up
Common Usages:
싸 가다 = to pack up and go
싸(서) 먹다 = to wrap something up and eat it (Korea people often wrap meat in lettuce)
도시락을 싸다 = to pack a lunch box Examples:
애기를 포대기로 싸라고 시켰어요 = I made him wrap the baby in a blanket 고기를 상추에 싸서 먹으면 제일 맛있어요
= If you wrap your meat in lettuce then eat it, it is the most delicious 저는 엄마가 저를 위해 도시락을 싸게 했어요
= I made my mom pack/wrap up a lunch box for me
Conjugate 맞히다 = to guess correctly
The pronunciation of this word is closer to “마치다” Common Usages:
맞혀 봐! = Try and guess!
정답을 맞히다 = to guess the correct answer Examples:
정답을 맞히는 학생에게 선물을 줄 거예요
= I will give a present to the student who guesses the correct answer
Conjugate 끼다 = to put on (a ring, gloves, sunglasses, etc…)
Common Usages:
반지를 끼다 = to put on a ring
장갑을 끼다 = to put on gloves
선글라스를 끼다 = to put on sunglasses Examples:
오늘 반지를 왜 안 끼고 다녀요?
= Why are you not wearing (and walking around with) your ring today? 사람들이 보통 헬스를 할 때 장갑을 끼고 해요
= When people workout (in a gym), they usually wear gloves (put gloves on and do it) 오늘 햇빛이 아주 강해서 선글라스를 껴야 돼요
= Today the sun is very strong so you should wear sunglasses
Conjugate 깨다 = to wake up
Notes: 깨다 doesn’t act on objects. Rather, it is used to indicate that a subject has woken up. For example: 애기가 깼어요 = The baby woke up It is also common to use the word “잠” to indicate that the person has woken up from sleeping. For example: 애기가 잠이 깼어요 = The baby woke up You can indicate what woke the person up by attaching ~에 to the thing that caused the person to wake up. For example: 애기가 소리에 잠이 깼어요 = The baby woke up because of/from the noise/sound You can use the word 깨우다 when a person actively wakes up somebody else. For example: 저는 애기를 깨웠어요 = I woke up the baby Also note that even though the translation “wake up” is used, 깨다 (and 깨우다) does not mean that the person actually gets up (as in, gets out of bed). Instead, it simply means that the person woke up from sleeping, but it is possible that he or she is still lying down. If you want to indicate that one actually gets out of bed, you can use the word 일어나다. Common Usages:
잠이 깨다 = to wake up
술이 깨다 = to sober up Examples:
애기가 깨지 않게 조용히 노크해 주세요 = Knock quietly so that the baby doesn’t wake up
아침에 일어나자마자 밥을 먹고 물을 많이 마시니 술이 깼어요 = Now that I have woken and ate (rice) and drank water right away, I am not drunk/hung-over anymore
Passive Verbs:
Conjugate 싸이다 = to be wrapped up
Common Usages:
이불에 싸이다 = to be wrapped up in a blanket
안개에 싸이다 = to be wrapped/covered in fog Examples:
애기가 이불에 완전히 싸여 있어서 너무 귀여워 보였어요
= The baby was completely wrapped in the blankets so he looked so cute 오늘 아침에 비닐봉지에 싸여 있는 돈을 발견해서 경찰에 신고했어요
= In the morning I found money (wrapped) in a plastic bag and reported it to the police
Adjectives:
Conjugate 날씬하다 = to be slim/slender
Notes: 날씬하다 usually has a positive connotation. When talking about somebody who is too thin, the word 마르다 is commonly used. Examples:
그 날씬한 여자가 저를 좋아하게 하고 싶어요 = I want to make that thin girl like me 슬기는 뼈마디가 얇아서 실제 몸무게보다 날씬해 보여요
= Seulgi has thin joints (a term that we would never say in English but is possible in Korean) so she looks thinner than her actual body weight
Adverbs and Other Words:
더욱 = more and more
Examples:
나이가 들수록 살이 더욱 쉽게 쪄요 = It is easier to gain weight as you get older
무게가 무거울수록 더욱 값이 비싸져요 = It gets more expensive as the weight increases 그녀랑 사귀다 보니 그녀가 더욱 좋아졌어요
= While going out with her, (I realized/noticed that) she has become better and better 요즘에 그 회사가 브랜드를 더 더욱 국제화하려고 하고 있다
= That company is trying more and more to globalize its brand 네가 여기서 있는 것은 이 문제를 더욱 어렵게 할 뿐이야
= You being here just makes the problem worse
For help memorizing these words, try using our Memrise tool.
There are 625 vocabulary entries in Unit 3. All entries are linked to an audio file.
You can download all of these files in one package here.
Introduction
In this lesson, you will learn how to say “one makes” or “one lets” a person to do an action. Just like with a lot of other Korean grammatical principles, this one doesn’t make sense at first to English speakers, simply because the construction is so different from English grammar. As always, I will break it down for you step by step. Let’s get started.
To make/To let…: ~게 하다
Before we begin, note that the word “to make” has many meanings in English. In this lesson, we are not talking about the definition of “to make” as it refers to “building” something. Instead, we are talking about the definition of the word “make” in the following sentence:
I make my mom happy
Note here that this definition of “make” has nothing to do with actually building/making an object. Rather, it is about influencing/telling somebody what to do. Here are more examples of this usage in English:
I made him study
I want to make my friend leave
I will make him sleep
Korean people don’t distinguish between “making” a person doing something, and “letting” a person doing something. It sounds weird to an English speaker, but the Korean translations for the above sentences would be the same as the Korean translations for the following sentences:
I let him study
I want to let my friend leave
I will let him sleep
English learners see this grammatical principle (which I haven’t even introduced to you yet) and get hung up on the fact it can mean “to make” or “to let.” How can one thing in Korean translate to two seemingly different things in English?
Just a quick note. We see this same phenomenon many times when we compare English and Korean. You saw something similar when you learned about ~아/어야 하다 (Lesson 46) and how it can be translated to “one must” or “one should.” Remember, these languages are vastly different, and just because something is done in English, doesn’t mean the same principle will apply in Korean.
Let me introduce this grammatical principle to you with one simple example. To create this meaning of “to make” or “to let,” you can attach ~게 하다 to the stem of a word. The subject of the sentence “makes/lets” the object do that action. For example:
나는 그를 공부하게 했다
Two common English translations for this Korean sentence would be:
I made him study
I let him study
I’d like to discuss why the translations of “to make” and/or “to let” are used in this situation. In English, the word “to make” is more related to forcing a person to do an action; whereas “to let” is more related to allowing a person to do an action. In both cases, the subject is doing something (either forcing or allowing) that, in the end, influences/causes the person to do the action.
The Korean usage does not distinguish between “forcing” or “allowing.” It simply indicates that the subject does something (regardless of it was by “forcing” or “allowing”) that causes/influences the rest of the clause to occur. Therefore, a more accurate translation might be:
나는 그를 공부하게 했다 = I did something that caused/influenced him to study
Therefore, it’s not that “~게 하다” can have two translations – but rather that the meanings of “make” and “let” are very specific – and both of these meanings can be encompassed in the idea that “one causes/influences the action to occur.”
Let’s look at many more examples. I’ll use the word “make” or “let” often depending on the context, but try to remember that the usage of these words is more of an English phenomenon that isn’t distinguished in these Korean sentences.
저는 그를 자게 할 거예요 = I will let him sleep
학생들은 선생님을 화나게 했어요 = The students made the teacher mad
저는 학생들을 바로 준비하게 했어요 = I made the students get ready right away
저는 아들을 오늘 아침에 일찍 일어나게 했어요 = I made our son wake up early today
저는 딸을 상점에서 조금 더 둘러보게 했어요 = I’m going to let my daughter look around the store a little bit more
제가 축제에 가게 해 주세요 = Please let me go to the festival
저는 학생들을 공부하게 해 주었어요 = I let the students study
In the previous two examples, I attached ~아/어 주다 to ~게 하다. In Lesson 41, you learned the purpose and meaning of using ~아/어 주다. Assuming that the action is somehow positive or beneficial for the person being influenced, it is acceptable to attach ~아/어 주다 to the end of ~게 하다. To a relative beginner of Korean grammar (at Lesson 56, you could call yourself that), this might look complicated, but it’s just the meaning of ~아/어 주다 added on top of ~게 하다.
~게 하다 can also be added to adjectives. When used like this, the subject causes/influences the object to “be” the adjective used. For example:
저는 저의 여자 친구를 행복하게 했어요 = I made my girlfriend happy, or
저는 저의 여자 친구를 행복하게 해 주었어요 = I made my girlfriend happy
A common adjective that this is used with is 놀라다, which translates to “to be surprised.” By attaching ~게 하다 to 놀라다, you can indicate that “one did something to cause/influence somebody to be surprised.” This can more simply be translated to “one surprised somebody.” For example:
제가 한국말을 할 수 있어서 저는 한국 사람들을 항상 놀라게 해요
= Because I can speak Korean, I always surprise Korean people
엄마가 저에게 선물을 줘서 저를 놀라게 했어요
= Because my mother gave me a present, she surprised me
Here are more examples of ~게 하다 used with adjectives:
저는 우리 엄마를 슬프게 했어요 = I made our mom sad
애기를 무섭게 하지 마세요! = Don’t make the baby scared (don’t scare the baby)
아빠는 저를 피곤하게 했어요 = Dad made me tired
저의 남자 친구가 저의 기분을 상하게 했어요
= My boyfriend made me feel bad (made me ruin my feelings)
네가 그렇게 말하면 나를 창피하게 할 거야
= If you say it like that, you’re going to make me ashamed
손님들이 우리 집에 오면 저는 항상 손님들을 편하게 하려고 노력해요
= When guests come to our house, I always try to make them comfortable
저는 잘생긴 친구를 데려가서 저의 남자 친구를 질투하게 했어요
= I brought a handsome man with me, so it made my boyfriend jealous
In the sentences so far, you have seen examples where the subject causes/influences another person to do an action (or be an adjective). Often times you might want to create a sentence where the subject “causes/influences” another person to act on another object.
For example, instead of just saying:
I made him study
You might want to say:
I made him study Korean
In these situations, ~이/가 can be attached to the person you are influencing, and ~을/를 can be attached to the object that the person is acting on. For example:
나는 그를 공부하게 했다 = I made him study
나는 그가 한국어를 공부하게 했다 = I made him study Korean
나는 그를 이해하게 했다 = I made him understand
나는 그가 한국어 문법을 이해하게 했다 = I made him understand Korean grammar
Below are many more examples:
나는 학생들이 내 말을 듣게 했어 = I made the students listen to me
저는 남편이 결혼반지를 끼게 했어요 = I made my husband wear our/the wedding ring
그 날씬한 여자가 저를 좋아하게 하고 싶어요 = I want to make that thin girl like me
저는 학생이 더 좋은 부전공을 선택하게 했어요 = I made the student select a better minor
저는 엄마가 저를 위해 도시락을 싸게 했어요 = I made my mom pack/wrap up a lunch box for me
노동자들이 박스를 트럭에 싣게 했어요 = I made the workers load the boxes onto the truck
저는 학생들이 이 형식을 따르게 했어요 = I made the students follow this format
저는 햇빛이 안 들어오게 했어요 = I made it so the sunlight won’t come in
저는 친구가 그 이상한 집을 들여다보게 했어요 = I made my friend look into that weird house
저는 우리 아들이 다른 진로를 고르게 할 거예요
= I’m going to make our son choose a different (career) path
저는 학생들이 정답을 맞힐 때까지 계속 해 보게 했어요
= I let the students keep trying until they guessed correctly
저는 선수가 자기 한계에 도달할 때까지 계속 운동하게 했어요
= I made the athlete keep going until he reached his limit
In all of the examples you have seen so far, 하다 is used immediately after ~게. Let’s look at how we use something else other than 하다 after ~게.
So that, In Order to, To allow for: ~게
Earlier in the lesson, I introduced the purpose and meaning of using ~게 하다 in a sentence. I explained that ~게 하다 is used when the subject does an action (regardless of it was by “forcing” or “allowing”) that causes/influences the action/adjective to occur.
In the all of the examples you have seen so far, you don’t know specifically what the “action” was that causes/influences the action/adjective to occur. You have seen that 하다 is used in these sentences – but this is because it isn’t implied what is done to cause/influence the action/adjective to occur.
It is possible to place another verb – or better yet, an entire clause after ~게 to indicate what causes/influences the action to occur. Let’s look at a simple example:
선생님은 제가 칠판을 보게 했어요
This could be translated to:
The teacher made me look at the board, or
The teacher let me look at the board, or more generally
The teacher did something that caused/influenced me to look at the board
In this example, it isn’t implied what was done to cause/influence/make/let me look at the board. All we know is the teacher did some action. However, I can specify what the teacher did by replacing 하다 with another verb/clause that provides more information. For example:
선생님은 제가 칠판을 보게 불을 켰어요 = The teacher turned on the light so that I could see the board
Just like when 하다 is used after ~게, the clause after ~게 (불을 켰어요) causes or influences the clause before ~게 to occur.
A common translation for “~게” in this type of sentence is “… so that…”. Below are many examples:
제가 잘 들을 수 있게 크게 말해 주세요 = Please speak loudly so that I can hear you well
음식을 좀 만들게 재료를 사 와 = Buy some ingredients so that I can make some food
애기가 깨지 않게 조용히 노크해 주세요 = Knock quietly so that the baby doesn’t wake up
도구를 찾을 수 있게 불을 켰어요 = I turned on the light so that I could find my tools
저는 학생들이 다 이해할 수 있게 설명했어요
= I explained it so that all the students could understand it
햇빛이 안 들어오게 커튼을 내려 주세요
= Pull the curtains down so that the sunlight doesn’t come in
뒤에 있는 차가 저의 시야에 있게 거울을 조금 움직였어요
= I moved the mirror a little bit so that the cars behind me would be in my field of vision
저는 학생들이 과정을 더 잘 이해할 수 있게 저는 다시 설명해 주었어요
= I explained it again to the students so that they could understand the process better
무엇을 사야 되는지를 깜빡하지 않게 목록을 작성하세요
= Make a list so that you don’t forget what you have to buy
선생님들은 학생들이 목표를 성취하게 하기 위해 열심히 일해요
= Teachers work hard so that students can achieve their goals
The following is from the Intermediate TOPIK Test (Number 27):
사람들이 모두 보게 안내문을 벽에 붙였다
= (I) posted (attached) an information sign on the wall so that all the people (can) see it
The question was asking if the following two sentences have the same meaning:
사람들이 모두 보게 안내문을 벽에 붙였다, and
사람들이 모두 보도록 안내문을 벽에 붙였다
At this point, you have yet to learn about ~도록, but when you learn about it in Lesson 92 you will see that the two sentences above have the same meaning.
I talk about this usage of ~게 in a YouTube video. Check it out!
That’s it for this lesson! We will continue to talk about this meaning of “to make/to let” in the next lesson.
There are 1200 example sentences in Unit 3.
All entries are linked to an audio file. You can download all of these files in one package here.
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키워드에 대한 정보 지 않게 grammar
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사람들이 주제에 대해 자주 검색하는 키워드 Korean Class/Grammar \u0026 writing(47)~지 않게 조심하세요/Be careful not to~/Juny Korean TV
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